13.4 regulation of blood sugar levels

blood glucose levels are maintained by the hormones of?

pancreas

insulin

secreted by beta cells. decrease blood glucose levels increase permeability of cells to glucose. promotes storage of sugar as glycogen in liver and fat in cells

insulin control and feedback loop

controls high blood pressure after eating-> beta cells-> insulin-> uptake and storage of sugar. negative feedback loop: as blood sugar decreases insulin secretion slows down

glucagon

secreted by alpha cells. increases blood glucose levels. stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose to release glucose into blood. fat+protein to glucose in other body cells. pituitary gland isn't involved

glucagon control and negative feedback loop

controls low blood sugar-> alpha cells-> glucagon-> conversion of glycogen to glucose. negative feedback loop: as blood sugar increases glucagon secretion decreases

diabetes mellitus (2 causes)

1. body doesn't produce enough insulin 2. body doesn't respond to insulin which means that insulin receptors don't work. this results in hyperglycaemia high blood pressure

diabetes mellitus symtoms

sharp increase in blood sugar after meals. cells dont get enough glucose so you're fatigued, high concentration of sugar in urine, increased volume of urine, thirst. leads to blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, degeneration of alpha cells.

type 1 diabetes

born with it (juvenile). antibodies attack beta cells which forms an auto immune condition. beta cells can't produce insulin there isn't a cure but you gave to take synthetic insulin injections

type 2 diabetes

can get later on in life (adult onset). 90% of diabetes cases