Topic 5 Key Terms

American Colonization Society

Sent free african americans to africa instead of emancipation in the united states.

Missouri Compromise

Supreme court said slavery couldn't exist north of the 36 30 boundary line. However it did keep the U.S. out of war for a long time but once it was overturned economic conditions started to deteriorate.

Westward Expansion

A movement of Americans to the west started with the Louisiana Purchase and was fueled by the gold rush. Also brought about issues regarding the expansion of slavery.

Manifest Destiny

Popular belief that the United States had a divine right to extend it's power and civilization across north america.

Causes of Immigration in the 1840's and 1850's

Famine and economic depressions in their home countries.

Know-Nothing Party

Nativists, anti-immigration, only want protestant American born citizens. Didn't like the Irish in particular because they were Catholic.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican - American War, Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas, U.S. gained Mexican Cession (California and New Mexico)

Compromise of 1850

Divided the Mexican Cession into two New Mexico and Utah, both practice popular sovereignty, California admitted as a free state, banned slave trade in Washington D.C., and stricter fugitive slave law.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, depicted brutality and dehumanization of slavery. Lots of northerners became abolitionists after this.

New England Emigrant Aid Company

Paid for the transportation of antislavery settlers to Kansas.

Republican Party

Founded in Wisconsin in 1854 in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Operates on no extension of slavery platform.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Divided those territories into Kansas and Nebraska and let both use popular sovereignty. Northerners were upset because it violated the Missouri compromise line, however, the Missouri compromise had been ruled unconstitutional.

Dred Scott Case

Ruled Dred Scott wasn't a citizen and had no right to sue in a federal court, congress can't take away private property (slaves), and slave owners could take their slaves anywhere and not be deprived of their property. Also ruled the Missouri compromise unconstitutional.

Differences between the North and the South

The north had a larger population, an industrialized society, and more railroads to connect major cities.
The south had a smaller population, an agrarian society, and fewer railroads.

Election of 1860

Southern Democrats nominate Stephen Douglas
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln who ran on a free-soil platform
South Carolina secedes because they feel like there's no help.

Causes of the Civil War

South's secession from the Union
A major fort was located in the Charleston Bay, so Lincoln sent in supplies but no weapons. The confederacy fired upon the ships and the war was slowly beginning.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the North and South in the Civil War

NORTH
Advantages: larger population, industrialized economy, control of the navy, good railroad system, and a well established central government.
Disadvantages: weak military leaders, had to advance to the south instead of defending their territory
SOUTH
Advantages: good military generals, fought to defend their territory
Disadvantages: smaller population, fewer railroads, lost support of foreign countries

Britain and the South during the Civil War

Britain relied heavily on southern cotton (king cotton). Once the war broke out the Confederacy expected their help but Britain had outlawed slavery and wouldn't fight a war to support slavery.

New York City Draft Riots

The working class rioted against a law saying a man could pay $300 to avoid the war draft. They claimed this was a fundamental injustice because only the very wealthy could afford it. They were also told that they would lose their jobs once the slaves were freed so the main violence was towards african americans.

African American soldiers during the Civil War

Some African Americans served in the war and there was an all black infantry known as the 54th Massachusetts.

Significance of Antietam

The bloodiest single-day battle; Lincoln delivered the Emancipation Proclamation after this battle. South lost the support of Great Britain and Lee can't invade the north anymore.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued in 1862, freed slaves in all southern states in rebellion. South knows that once this was passed and if the North wins the war then slavery will no longer exist. Battle of Antietam gives Lincoln the courage to pass it

Significance of Gettysburg

Deadliest battle in the entire war. It's often seen as a turning point because the Confederacy (under Lee) was stopped from invading the union and forced to retreat.

Gettysburg Address

Delivered at the opening of the Gettysburg Cemetery. Talked about the founding ideals of American culture, like freedom and equality for all.

Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln's assassination. He took on the job of reconstruction; became soft on the south and wanted to quickly restore the union.

Radical Reconstruction

Controlled by Congress and broke the south up into 5 military districts.

14th Amendment

The state or country can't make laws hindering the rights of U.S. citizens. African Americans now fall into this category because they were granted U.S. citizenship.

15th Amendment

Extended voting rights to black males

Exodusters

A large migration of African Americans from the south to Kansas.

Black Codes

Restricted rights of southern black Americans and made it difficult for them to vote and required them to sign a long-term work contract which was a form of servitude. Eventually becomes Jim Crow laws during segregation.

KKK

A white supremacy group that was intent on scaring blacks into submission, especially when it came to voting. Came about during radical reconstruction.

Carpetbaggers

A person who came from the north to the south to profit from reconstruction. Some were a part of the freedman's bureau and wanted to help the south.

Sharecropping

Landowners would hire someone for an extended period of time and provide the seed for the worker to farm in return for a share of the crops. Former slaves often ended up working for their old masters and signed a long term contract that was tough to get out of.

Redeemers

Southern conservatives who believed in states' rights, internal improvements, reduced taxes, and white supremacy.

Compromise of 1877

The democrats would allow Rutherford B. Hayes to be president, but as a return troops had to be removed from the south and at least one southerner had to be appointed to his cabinet.

Successes and Failures of Reconstruction

Successes: education, 13-14-15 amendments
Failures: poll taxes, literacy tests, KKK, removal of troops so no safeguard for blacks.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Ruled "separate but equal"