Adaptation to Biological Stressors: (Mal)Nutrition

Practice flashcards based on lecture notes about the adaptation to biological stressors, specifically focusing on malnutrition and nutrition.

What are the three definitions of malnutrition?

Too little (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition), too much (overabundance leading to obesity), and poorly balanced (Chronic Micronutrient Malnutrition).

What major health risk is indicated by the Global Burden of Disease report?

Obesity is a larger health crisis than hunger, claiming over 3 million lives annually.

What are the nutrient components necessary for biological functions?

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals).

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that must be consumed through diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

What are the two conditions characterized by severe malnutrition?

Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.

What type of energy is glycogen, and where is it stored?

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles and serves as a short-term energy source.

What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anemia?

Fatigue, neurological impairment, and reduced immune function.

Which vitamin is essential for vision and what deficiency symptom does it cause?

Vitamin A is essential for vision; deficiency results in night blindness.

What is the Thrifty Genotype Theory?

It suggests a genetic adaptation that provides better survival during food scarcity.

How does lactose persistence relate to human adaptation?

Lactase persistence developed independently in various regions due to strong selective pressures from animal domestication and adult milk consumption.