Maternal + Child Nutrition - Test 1

macronutrients

• carb

• protein

• fat

micronutrients

• vitamins

• minerals

• water

anthropometric tests

testing by measuring body size + shape

biochemical tests

testing nutrient + enzyme levels in the body

key minerals

• iron

• zinc

• sodium

• calcium

follicular cycle

first ½ of cycle

• uterine line thickens

luteal cycle

second ½ of cycle

• lining sheds if no pregnancy

FSH

follicle-simulating hormone

• simulates growth of ova (eggs)

LH

lutenizing hormone

• simulates secretion of progesterone

GnRH

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

• simulates pituitary to release FSH + LH

nutrition care process

1. nutrition assessment

2. nutrition diagnosis

3. nutrition intervention

4. nutrition monitoring + evaluation

fortification

adding nutrients in something that didn’t originally have it

enrich

add nutrients back into something after processing it

infertility in men

• sperm abnormalities

• smoking/alcohol use

infertility

unable to reproduce

subfertility

reduced level of fertility by unusual long times to conceive

folate

this vitamin is crucial in preventing neural tube defects: spina bifida

PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

• polycystic ovaries

• need to increase insulin sensitivity

PKU

Phenylkeonuria

• disorder of amino acid metabolism

• have to eat very little protein

PMS

Pre Menstrual Syndrome

• mood swimgs

• causes PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder)

• estrogen + progesterone

trimesters

1st: 0-13 weeks

2nd: 14-27 weeks

3rd: 28-40 weeks

gestational age

from date of conception (38 weeks)

menstrual age

from onset of last period (40 weeks)

very preterm

< 34 weeks

preterm

< 37 weeks

term

38 - 42 weeks

post term

> 42 weeks

underweight gain

28-40 lbs

normal gain

25-25 lbs

overweight gain

15-25 lbs

obese gain

11-20 lbs

twin gain

25-54 lbs

pica

compulsion to eat non-food substances (toilet paper, rocks)

vegetarians

since they don’t eat meat, make sure they get enough B12, D, calcium, iron, zinc + omega 3’s

food safety

don’t eat raw fish, cheese, or meat during pregnancy to avoid food-borne illness

hormones in ovulation

pituitary: FSH + LH

ovaries: estrogen + progesterone

hypothalamus: GnRH

help nausea + vomiting

• monitor weight gain + diet

• try vitamin B6 + ginger

help heartburn

• have small frequent meals

• avoid trigger foods

• don’t go to bed on a full stomach

• take tums

help constipation

• eat 30 grams of fiber / day

• hydrate

• don’t take laxatives

• can take metamucil