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Science
Biology
Cells
Cancer
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Description and Tags
Biology
Cells
Tumors
Cancer
Cell Cycle
Cell Division
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36 Terms
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1
Checkpoint proteins such as p53 are not necessary for
normal cell growth and division.
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2
E cadherin
________- keeps cells of tissue adhering to each other.
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3
DNA alterations can lead to effects on
gene expression that ultimately affect cell division, and thereby lead to cancer.
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4
Integrins
________- keeps cells adhering to their substrate.
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5
Replicative senescence
________: finite number of cell divisions most likely due to loss of telomerase activity.
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6
Sarcomas
________: arise from connective tissue or muscle cell.
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7
Missense mutations
________: chemical mutagens have been shown to cause ________ leading to cancer.
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8
Cancer
________: the continuous uncontrolled growth of cells.
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9
cell division
An oncogene may promote cancer by keeping the ________ signaling pathway in a permanent "on "position.
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10
Carcinomas
________: cancers arising from epithelial cells.
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11
viral genome
Some viruses cause cancer because they carry an oncogene in the ________.
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12
Leukemias
________: hematopoietic cells and nervous system.
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13
Malignant
________: cells have acquired ability to invade surrounding tissue.
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14
Tumors can arise from
any cell type in the body.
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15
Growth factors bind to
cell surface and initiate cascade, activating specific genes, leading to cell division.
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16
If a proto-oncogene becomes overexpressed,
it will promote cancer.
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17
Retroviral insertions
________: viral DNA inserts into a chromosome, putting a viral promoter next to a proto- oncogene.
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18
Gene amplifications
________: increase in copy number results in too much protein.
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19
somatic cells
Most carcinogens, such as UV light and certain chemicals in cigarette smoke, are mutagens that promote genetic changes in ________.
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20
Proteins called cyclins and cyclin- dependent protein kinases (cdks) are responsible for
advancing a cell through the four phases of the cell cycle.
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21
Checkpoint proteins
________ check the integrity of the genome and prevent a cell from progressing past a certain point in the cell cycle.
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22
If the damage is minor, p53
halts the cell cycle until the damage is repaired.
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23
Tumor
any abnormal proliferation of cells
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24
Benign tumors
stay confined to its original location
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25
Malignant tumors
capable of invading surrounding tissue or invading the entire body
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26
Neoplasm
tumor
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27
Benign
cells of neoplasm are clustered together
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28
Leukemias
hematopoietic cells and nervous system
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29
Replicative senescence
finite number of cell divisions most likely due to loss of telomerase activity
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30
Carcinogens
agents that increase the likelihood of developing cancer
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31
Mutations in genes for cell growth signaling proteins can change them into oncogenes
producing abnormally high level of activity
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32
Chromosomal translocations
two chromosomes break and switch ends
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33
Oncogene
mutant form of a normal gene
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34
E-cadherin
keeps cells of tissue adhering to each other
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35
p53
about 50% of all human cancers are associated with defects in this gene
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36
ex
Rb (retinoblastoma)
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