Unit E: Integumentary System

What are the seven overall functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, regulation of temperature, manufacture vitamin D, support sensory receptors, storage, absorption, and screening UV rays.

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

Epidermis.

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

To produce sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair.

What are melanocytes responsible for?

Producing melanin, which gives skin its color and protects against UV rays.

What type of tissue makes up the dermis layer?

Connective tissue.

How many layers does the epidermis have?

Five layers.

Name the five layers of the epidermis.

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale.

What is the hypodermis also known as?

Subcutaneous layer.

What is the primary function of the sweat glands?

To regulate body temperature through perspiration.

What causes acne vulgaris?

Blocked pores from hardened oil, leading to leukocyte accumulation and pus.

What is a macule?

A flat area with a noticeable change in color, such as a freckle.

What type of skin lesion is an ulcer?

A deep loss of skin surface into the dermis, which can bleed or scar.

What is the treatment for first-degree burns?

Cold water or compress.

What is the defining feature of psoriasis?

Red patches covered with white scales.

Which glands produce sweat?

Sudoriferous glands.

How can one acquire athlete's foot?

Through exposure to a contagious fungal infection in public places.

What causes herpes simplex?

A viral infection caused by HSV Type 1 and Type 2.

Which bacteria are responsible for impetigo?

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.

What is a key characteristic of scabies?

It is caused by a tiny burrowing mite and is highly contagious.

What treatment is used for ringworm?

Antifungal drugs and creams.

What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

To raise hair follicles in response to cold or fear.

What are the three types of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

What is the most common skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma.

What is the primary purpose of keratin in the skin?

To keep the skin dry, waterproof, and provide a barrier against pathogens.

What characterizes a pustule?

A pus-filled raised area, such as a pimple or acne.

What treatment is typically used for eczema?

Topical medications with hydrocortisone.

What is the role of Langerhans cells in the skin?

To act as macrophages that fight infections.

What happens to the skin with aging in the subcutaneous layer?

It begins to disappear, causing sagging and wrinkling.

What is the main function of hair?

Protection, regulation of body temperature, and perspiration.

What is one major risk factor for developing skin cancer?

UV exposure from sunlight.

What is a vesicle?

A fluid-filled raised area, like those seen in chicken pox or shingles.

What does the term 'avascular' refer to regarding the epidermis?

It means the epidermis has no blood vessels.

How can one differentiate between dermatitis and eczema?

Dermatitis develops from stress or irritants, while eczema is often an allergic reaction.

What is the typical treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

Surgical removal and possibly radiation.

What does the term 'hypodermis' refer to?

The layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis.

What common skin condition results from clogged sebaceous glands?

Acne vulgaris.

What is the medical term for ringworm?

Tinea.

What type of sweat glands are primarily responsible for thermal regulation?

Eccrine sweat glands.

What is a common treatment for herpes?

Antiviral medications such as Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and ointments.

What is a common cause for the development of hives?

Stress, irritants, or allergic reactions.

What is the main symptom of anthletes foot?

Small blisters between fingers/toes and cracking skin.