Studied by 1 person
Includes the three gas laws and the equation of state.
What is Boyle’s law?
Iso-thermal, the temperature is kept constant
Pressure and volume are indirectly proportional
p1V1 = p2V2 = p3V3
What is Charle’s Law?
Iso-baric, pressure is kept constant
Temperature and volume are directly proportional
V1/T1 = V2/T2 = V3/T3
Graph must be in Kelvin to go through the origin.
What is Gay-Lussac’s law?
Constant volume
Temperature and pressure are directly proportional
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Graph must be in Kelvin to go through the origin.
What is Brownian motion?
the term to describe the random motion of particles in a gas or liquid
What is avogadro’s number?
The number of particles in 1 mole
(on equation sheet)
What is molarity?
The number of moles, n
What is molar mass?
The mass of one mole, M or Mr
How does pressure occur/what makes it happen?
Pressure is the average force of gas particles on the walls of the container. p = F/A in pascals or N/m².
Particles in a container collide with the walls of the container
When colliding with the walls, they exert a force on the wall, and the wall exerts a force on the particles (according to Netwton’s 3rd)
Give an example of Brownian motion
pollen grains in water
dust motes in air
How does Brownian motion occur?
For pollen grains in water:
particles in the water are moving around each other
The particles collide with the pollen grains
This results in pollen grains appearing to move around randomly
What is the equation of state? When is it used?
It describes the state of a gas
Used when only the molarity is kept constant.
Write an equation (not of state) for a constant n.
(p1V1)/T1 = (p2V2)/T2
What is n equal to in the equation of state?
The molarity.
What is R equal to in the equation of state?
The gas constant.
What units must temperature be in for the equation of state?
Kelvin
Use pV = nRT to explain the three gas laws.
Isothermal, rearrange for T to get pV
Isobaric, rearrange for p get V/T
Constant volume, rearrange for V to get P/T
What two units can R be measured in?
J/(Kmol) - on the equation sheet
atmL/Kmol - not on equation sheet but might be given
atm = atmospheres L = litres K = Kelvin mol = moles J = joules
What is the conversion for atmospheres to Pascals?
x10^5
What is the conversion for Litres to m³?
x10^-3
How can density be used in the equation of state?
p = ρ/M x RT
When would pV = NkT be used?
When using the number of particles in a substance instead of moles.
What is k?
The Boltzmann constant.
What is m?
The mass of a substance
Derive the equation for the kinetic theory of gas molecules
See sheet.
How is the absolute zero of temperature interpreted in terms of ideal gas laws?
(Charles/Gay-Lussac)
Pressure or volume is plotted against temperature. The data is extrapolated, and where the line crosses the temperature axis, it is absolute zero. (Or when pxV = 0 or p = 0)
