Module 5 - Pediatrics, obstetrics, geriatrics, special populations, vehicle extractions, triage

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/129

flashcard set

Earn XP

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

130 Terms

1
New cards
Amniotic sac with amniotic fluid
fluid is clear, baby floats in this, protection, nourishment
2
New cards
brown color in amniotic fluid
meconium staining, suction
3
New cards
Supine hypotensive syndrome
very low blood pressure, gravid uterus compresses vena cava Place blanket under left hip and/or roll onto her left side
4
New cards
Ectopic pregnancy
the fertilized egg attaches itself in a place other than inside the uterus. Almost all ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes., bright red blood, possible low blood pressure
5
New cards
Placenta previa
placental implantation in the lower uterine segment encroaching on/covering cevix
6
New cards
Placenta previa delivery
cesarean
7
New cards
Placenta abruptio
partial/complete premature detachment of a normally implanted placenta at more than 20 weeks, see bright red blood
8
New cards
Pre-Eclampsia (toxemia)
hypertensive disorder in the last trimester, headache, protein in urine
9
New cards
Eclampsia
hypertension with seizures/coma
10
New cards
Gestational Diabetes
diabetes that develops during pregnancy and may go away after the baby is born
11
New cards
Trauma during pregnancy
mom can have excessive bleeding called hemorrhagic shock and could die or the baby could die. Mom could lose up to 35% of her blood before the signs of shock could show up in her
12
New cards
Breech delivery
a baby is born bottom first instead of head first. Around 3-5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) will have a breech baby. Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally
13
New cards
Prolapsed umbilical cord
umbilical cord slips down into the vagina or presents externally, which can cause fetal asphyxiation. cover with moist dressing
14
New cards
Braxton Hicks
is not a complication but rather mimics labor but then stops, ask if their water has broke, urge to push
15
New cards
First stage of labor
dilation and thinning of the cervix, dilates from 0 to 10 centimeters. onset of contractions through full dilation of the cervix
16
New cards
Second stage
delivery of the infant
17
New cards
Third stage
delivery of the placenta
18
New cards
Mom is in early labor
strong desire to go to bathroom may mean delivery occurring soon, don’t have her go to the bathroom (baby could fall out in toilet)
19
New cards
Baby is crowning
stop ambulance to deliver
20
New cards
Protruding cord
keep the cord moist, move the cord from around the baby
21
New cards
Amniotic sac still intact
tear open the sac with your fingers only
22
New cards
How to suction baby
mouth and then the nose as the head is protruding (crowning)
23
New cards
APGAR score
done 1 minute and 5 minutes after the baby is born
24
New cards
Cutting the cord
baby must be breathing on its own, cord has stopped pulsating, cord clamped at 7 inches from baby and 10 inches from baby
25
New cards
Signs of adequate breathing with the newborn
Heart rate over 100, their extremities are moving, crying, cyanosis of just the hands and feet but not the head and chest
26
New cards
Steps if the baby is not breathing
Rub back and feet, waft oxygen from bvm over the nose, baby bvm, check pulse, cpr
27
New cards
Deliver the placenta
place in plastic bag, examine to see if entire placenta is intact
28
New cards
Premature baby
born before 37 weeks and/or 5.5 pound birth rate
29
New cards
Blood loss during delivery
Mom will usually lose less than 500 cc (ml) of blood
30
New cards
Mom is still bleeding after delivery
massage the uterus (fundus), give the baby to mom for breast feeding, sanitary napkins on the vagina
31
New cards
Evaluate children with the pediatric triangle
appearance, breathing, circulation
32
New cards
Grunting and nasal flaring is a large sign for
distressed breathing
33
New cards
Bulging fontanelles in child
from excessive crying or intracranial pressure increase
34
New cards
Epiglottitis
severe inflammation in the throat around epiglottis. Can cause breathing problems
35
New cards
Hypothermia
always be concerned with this when a child is in water or in cold weather
36
New cards
A very early sign that an infant may be going into respiratory distress is
extreme drowsiness
37
New cards
A child with a high fever could lead to
seizures
38
New cards
A child with a high fever and grunting after exhaling are dangerous signs of
respiratory problems
39
New cards
Children can go into shock because of
infections, blood loss, dehydration
40
New cards
Children hit by a vehicle can have these top three injury types
abdominal injuries, head injuries, chest injuries
41
New cards
There are many challenges in communicating with the elderly including
deafness
42
New cards
Congenital deafness
caused by genetics
43
New cards
Acquired deafness
results from injury
44
New cards
Chest pain in the elderly is commonly caused by these top three causes
angina, pneumonia, and aneurysms
45
New cards
A huge fear for the elderly after an injury is that they
may lose their independence and have to move from their home, can not do all the normal daily bodily functions and ability to drive
46
New cards
Bariatrics is the
branch of medicine for treating overweight patients
47
New cards
Vagina
the birth canal
48
New cards
Cervix
the neck of the uterus at the entrance of the birth canal
49
New cards
Uterus
the muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops; the womb
50
New cards
Fallopian tubes
the narrow tube that connects the ovary to the uterus
51
New cards
Ovaries
the female reproductive organ that produces ova (egg)
52
New cards
Placenta
the organ of pregnancy where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus
53
New cards
Umbilical cord
the fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta
54
New cards
First trimester
First day of LMS-12 weeks embryonic stage
55
New cards
Second trimester
13-26 weeks head is bigger at the beginning, rest of body will catch up by end of the trimester, 20th week will feel the kicks; know the sex of baby; baby can hear, eyes formed but can't see; fingerprints formed
56
New cards
Third trimester
27-end of pregnancy lungs will fully develop the longer they are closer to the due date, fat built, will move more, start to listen to music
57
New cards
Name the 8 things that should be assessed first for a woman in labor.
Ask her name, age, and expected due date, Ask if this is the first pregnancy, Ask her if she has seen a doctor regarding her pregnancy, Ask her when the labor pains started and how often she has them. Ask when the water broke & if there has been any bleeding., Ask her if she feels the urge to push or if she feels as though she needs to move her bowels, Examine the mother for crowning, Feel for uterine contractions, Take vital signs
58
New cards
List the things the EMT should do to prepare the mother for delivery
Control the scene so the mother will have privacy, BSI, Place mother on bed, floor, or ambulance stretcher. Elevate her buttocks with blankets or a pillow. Knees drawn up and spread apart, Remove any clothing obstructing vaginal view, Place someone at mother’s head for support, Position the obstetrics kit near the patient
59
New cards
Describe the nine things that should be done by the EMT to help to deliver the baby
Keep someone at the mother's head for support & to check health, BSI & place hands at vaginal opening when head starts to show, Place one head below the baby’s head as it delivers (don't pull on the baby), Puncture amniotic sac with fingers & observe it; if not already broken by the time the baby’s head is delivered, Make sure the umbilical cord isn't around baby’s neck; try to not have the mother push at this time, Help deliver the shoulders, Support baby through the whole process; after the baby is delivered you need to dry them and put them in a warm blanket, Assess the airway, Note the exact time of birth
60
New cards
Low birth rate is considered below
5 pounds, 8 ounces
61
New cards
What are four things that decrease in the elderly?
vision, hearing, maximum heart rate, muscle mass, memory
62
New cards
What is an irregularly irregular heartbeat?
The person’s heart rate does not have the same repeatable rate every time the heart contracts, usually does not cause a problem for the patient
63
New cards
Name four things that cause shortness of breath in the elderly.
decreased elasticity of the lungs, decreased lung volume, decreased activity of cilia, diminished cough and gag reflexes

pulmonary embolism, emphysema, cardiac problems, pneumonia
64
New cards
What are the top four causes of chest pain in the elderly?
angina, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and aortic aneurysm, GERD
65
New cards
How do you do CPR/AED with a person with an implanted pacemaker under their skin
position AED pads in clinically acceptable position as far away from pacemaker as possible
66
New cards
Name five things that can cause altered mental status in the elderly.
medications, hypoglycemia, stroke, sepsis, hypothermia
67
New cards
Describe what an abdominal aortic aneurysm is?
an enlargement of the aorta at the level of the abdomen and if bursts can cause intense pain and severe shock if the artery has been ruptured and death

damaged aortic wall
68
New cards
Name four causes of abdominal pain.
abdominal aortic aneurysm, bowel obstruction/blockage, diverticulosis, internal bleeding, cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers
69
New cards
Your patient has an inserted catheter with urine bag. Where do you place the urine bag when transporting this patient?
below level of patients bladder (but not on the ground)
70
New cards
What is herpes zoster?
shingles, extreme pain, narrow rash in a band shape
71
New cards
Name three reasons for depression in the elderly.
medical conditions that limit mobility, loneliness, loss of independence, loss of friends/spouse
72
New cards
Name three considerations you should think about with the elderly and medications.
elderly take much more medications than most people, they can easily mix up pills, medications are expensive, so they may not follow schedule, forget to take their pills/take too many, may need to take medication with/without food
73
New cards
Name five trauma/fall considerations with the elderly and accidents.
hip and proximal femur fractures, weakening of bone, edema and swelling, abnormal curvature can make immobilization challenging, do best to keep vertebrae in alignment

May indicate a more serious problem: abnormal heart rhythm, stroke, internal bleeding
74
New cards
A frequent action that many elderly have is kidney dialysis. What does that mean?
treatment that does some of the things done by healthy kidneys, removes body’s wastes, controls blood pressure, and removes extra salt and water when kidneys cannot
75
New cards
Hemodialysis
blood is pumped out of your body to an artificial kidney machine, toxins filtered out and blood returned to body by tubes
76
New cards
Peritoneal Dialysis
placed inside lining of your own abdomen acts as a natural filter(catheter put in belly and fluid goes through catheter which cleans blood), done at home
77
New cards
Define Pediatric
Of or pertaining to a patient who has yet to reach puberty
78
New cards
How are the following areas different between infants/children and adults?
Airway size is smaller and shorter, Size of tongue is proportionately larger, Size of head compared to body size is larger in proportion, Respiratory rate is faster, Neck length is shorter
79
New cards
Newborn pulse
120-160
80
New cards
Adolescent pulse
60-105
81
New cards
Newborn respirations
30-50
82
New cards
Adolescent respirations
12-20
83
New cards
How much blood is in the infant?
12 oz (335 ml) (75 mL/kg)
84
New cards
The amount of blood is in an average child?
2 liters (65-70 mL/kg)
85
New cards
The amount of blood in an average adult?
4 liters (1.2-1.5 gal)
86
New cards
Newborns and infants to 1 year
Minimal stranger anxiety and can be separated from parents (newborn), like to feel warm physically and emotionally, do not want to be “suffocated with oxygen mask”
87
New cards
Toddlers 1-3 years
Don’t like to be touched by strangers or separated from parents, Do not like having clothing removed, Frighten easily, overreact, and have a fear of needles and pain
88
New cards
Preschool 3-5 years
May believe illness is punishment for being bad, Have fear of blood, pain, and permanent injury (don’t like O2 mask), Curious, communicative, and can be cooperative
89
New cards
School age 6-12
Cooperates but likes opinions heard, Fear blood, pain, disfigurement, and permanent injury, Modest and do not like bodies exposed
90
New cards
Adolescent age 13-18
Want to be treated as adults
91
New cards
Explain four ways to interact with the pediatric patient.
Identify yourself, Kneel or sit at eye level, Smile, Touch child and hold hand or foot
92
New cards
Explain four ways to interact with an adolescent.
Be discreet when asking about things like drug/alcohol abuse and pregnancy, Preliminary of description of examinations, May regress emotionally and need as much support as younger children, Tact required to get info and may be needed to take patient into a private area
93
New cards
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)-Appearance
AVPU, Mental status
94
New cards
PAT- Breathing
(including airway), Abnormal sounds, positions, etc, Quality of breathing
95
New cards
PAT- Circulation
Pallor, mottling, cyanosis, Pulse and capillary refill
96
New cards
Fever
high body temp with shivering, headache, and delirium, seizures are possible, May not indicate how serious illness is, Fever w rash is need for transport
97
New cards
Diarrhea and vomiting
feces discharged from bowels in liquid form/eject matter through the mouth, Cramping, Cause dehydration and worsens whatever condition they are in., can lead to hypovolemic shock
98
New cards
Seizures
abnormal electricity in the brain, Can be sign of injury or underlying illness/disorder, Rarely life threatening but treated as id they are
99
New cards
Describe what a tension pneumothorax is.
collapsed lung that leaks oxygen into chest
100
New cards
Describe what an occlusive dressing is that is used with a tension pneumothorax.
dressing that is clear in the center and is taped down on three sides