BSC2011 CHAPTER 27

i hate bio so much

animal life cycle

diplontic

diplontic haploid phase

unicelluar (gametes)

diplontic diploid phase

multicelluar (somatic)

connective tissue

supports body structure (blood/vessels, bone, fat, tendon)

epithelial tissue

protects internal organs + external body structures

muscle tissue

aids in movement (skeletal, cardiac)

nervous tissue

receive and transmit electrical impulses (neurons+nerve cells)

specialized tissue aids in what?

finding and processing food

specialized systems aid in what?

obtaining food / avoiding becoming food, finding mate

exceptions to the diplontic cycle

bees, ants, wasps (insects)

sexual reproduction of animals

meiosis, gametes fuse and result in one diploid cell (zygote)

diploblastic

ecto/endoderm

triploblastic

ecto/meso/endoderm

ectoderm

covers surface of animal

mesoderm

forms muscles, bones, circulatory system

ectoderm

forms digestive, respiratory, urinary tracts

how many clades?

five ( Porifera, Placazoa, Ctenophores, Cnidarian, Bilateria )`

Porifera

sponges

Placozoa

parasitic amoeba like animals

Ctenophores

comb jellies

Cnidarian

jelly fish

Bilateria

everything else (includes both invertebrates and

vertebrates.)

hox genes

genes that determine body plan

why are hox genes master controllers?

control expression of other genes,

how many hox genes do Invertebrates have?

one set

how many hox genes do vertebrates have?

AT LEAST four sets

what clades have no hox genes?

Ctenophora and Porifera

what only has one set of hox genes?

Placazoas

what are the three major body plans?

Asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry

focuses of embryonic development

number of germ layers, origin of mouth/anus, body cavity

what clades have asymmetry? (P)

Porifera and Placazoa

how many cell types does Placazoa have?

four cell types, no true tissue

how many “tissue” types does Porifera have?

12 types, no true tissue

what clades are radially symmetrical? (C)

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

what is radial symmetry?

Arrangement of body parts from a central point, allows animal to sense from all sides of body

what kind of germ tissue do radically symmetrical animals have?

endoderm and ectoderm (diploblastic)w

what is bilateral symmetry ?

A single plane divides the body into left and right sides that are mirror images

what kind of symmetry has an posterior and anterior

bilateral symmetry

what kind of symmetry is triploblastic?

bilateral symmetry

triploblastic without a coelom

acoelomates

triploblastic with a coelom

eucoelomates

examples of eucoelomates

chinoderms and chordates ex

examples of acoelomates

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

what is a pseudo-coelomates

coelom that is lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm

Protostomes

blastopore forms mouth first

Deuterostomes

blastophore forms anus first