Concepts of science final exam

Which of the following organisms reproduces using "naked seeds"

Pine trees

To which phylum do humans belong?

chordates

The kingdom containing multicelluar organisms that get their energy by absorbing materials from their environment is...

fungi

a population of organisms that can produce fertile offspring is a

species

The broadest classification category of living things is a

kingdom

Carolus Linnaeus is famous because

he pioneered a classification system for living things

After growing a willow tree in a pot for five years, Johannes Van Helmot concluded that the weight gain in the plant came from

The water

the smallest units of life are called

cells

In an ecosystem, matter continuously recycles the system, while ___ flows through it once.

energy

Today the great majority of biologists study living systems at the level of

molecules

The scientific names for humans is

Homo sapiens

humans belong to the class

mammals

The kingdom that contains multicelluar organisms that get their energy and nutrients by eating other organisms is____

animals

The use of two names as the scientific name for an organism is called ____ ____

binomial nomenclature

Penicillin was discovered by ____

Alexander Flemming

The process that green plants use to capture sunlight energy is called _____

photosynthesis

The small reproductive structures produced on the undersides of fern leaves are called

spores

the general name for a plant that has specialized conducting tissues in its stem is a ___ plant

vascular

the specific name for each different type of organism consists of both a ____ and a ____ name

genus species

The branch of science that gives names to organisms is ____

taxonomy

The copying of the DNA code onto mRNA molecule is referred to as

transcription

Amino acids are carried in the cytoplasm by

mRNA

if the active sequence on a DNAS molecule to be transcribed is C-C-G-A-T-A, the complementary sequence on the transcribed mRNA molecule would be

C-G-C-U-A-U

If the sequence of nucleotides on one side of a DNA molecule is A-T-T-G-A-C

C-A-A-C-T-G

The building blocks of nucleic acids are

nucleotides

DNA and RNA are both examples of

nucleic acids

How many genes for each trait does an offspring recieve from each parent

one

A genetic characteristic that always appears or is expressed is called

dominant

the unit of inheritance is

the gene

Mendel performed his classical genetic experiments using

Garden Peas

The sum of all information contained in the DNA for any living organism is known as its

Genome

In the RNA molecule, thymine is replaced by

Uracil

In the DNA molecule cytosine always combines with____

Guanine

A trait that is not expressed when in combination with another form of the same trait is said to be _____

Recessive

An organism that always produces offspring having the same form of a certain trait is said to be ____

Purebred

The nucleotides in complementary strands of DNA molecule are held together by _____

Hydrogen Bonds

the three nucleotide segments of mRNA that designate specific amino acids are called _____

Codons

A ___ consists of a short length of RNA or DNA wrapped in a protein coating.

Virus

Any change in the DNA is called a___

Mutation

Proteins are synthesized at the____

Ribosome

The author of The origin of species was

Charles Darwin

Life first appeared on earth approximately

4 billion years ago

Which geologic period is known as the age of reptiles

mesozoic

Which geologic period is known as the age of mammals?

cenozoic

Dinosaurs appeared approximately

65 million years ago

punctuated equilibrium is a theory of evolution that states that

evolutionary changes usually occur in short bursts, separated by long years of stability

One of the possessed proteins that has been analyzed extensively for biochemical evidence of evolution is

cytochrome C

which of the following represents a vestigial organ?

appendix

A famous fossil called "Lucy" was a member of which species?

Australopithecus afarenis

The scientific name for modern human is

Homo sapiens

A stone replica of a one-living organism is called a ___

fossil

The longest geologic era is the ____

Proterozoic

The Cenozoic period is known as the age of____

Mammals

Cyanobacteria are single-celled life forms that produce oxygen as a product of ____

photosynthesis

any structure that helps an animal survive and pass on its genes is called ____

adaptation

The mechanism for evolution of living things as proposed by Darwin is ____

natural selection

The first kind of cell to evolve was a ____ cell

eukaryote

Scientists hypothesize that organic molecules accumulated in the early ocean to form a primordial ____

soup

The Urey-Miller experiments combined a mixture of water vapor, Hydrogen, methane, and ____ in a flask

ammonia

Organisms that lived in the past, but have disappeared on the earth forever are called ____

extinct

Jan Baptiste Van Helmont’s famous experiment incorrectly showed that plants produce most of their mass from:

water

The scientific name of the white oak tree is Quercus alba. In this name, the name Quercus refers to the tree's:

genus

The Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus based his system of classification upon:

observation of traits

Using what research method were the Archaea discovered?

Molecular genetics (DNA/RNA)

What is the correct order of the following, according to the Linnaean system of classification? (From most general to most specific)

domain, kingdom, phyla, class, order, family, genus, species

Which of the following was developed by Carol Linneaus?

bionomial nomenclature

The three domains of life are:

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

In modern taxonomy, the Eukaryotes include:

birds, trees, fungi, and humans

One possible ancestor to modern humans is named Homo erectus. Compared to modern human beings, Homo erectus was a member of a different:

species

If you discovered a new organism in deep oceanic hydrothermal vents and you were trying to understand to which kingdom it belonged, what would be a first order question to answer?

How many cells does it have?

Based upon the Linnaean system of classification, what do we know about three organisms with the scientific names Ursus horribilis, Ursus maritimus, and Cornus florida?

Ursus horribilis and Ursus maritimus are the most closely related of all three

What is the difference between the prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and the eukaryotes?

eukaryotes have a nucleus and specialized cell components; prokaryotes do not

Archaea and Bacteria are two separate domains of single-celled organisms that:

do not have a nucleus

Which is true of algae?

They live in the ocean and photosynthesize

Which is an example of a bryophyte?

moss

What does a plant 'breathe' in?

CO2 and water

Which of the following is not a criteria for being alive?

Must have more than one cell

"Cold-blooded" is a term that can refer to:

Frogs and lizards

Which of the following phyla is the most successful in the animal kingdom, based on numbers of species and total biomass?

Arthropods

Sponges are:

animals

Gymnosperms have:

Seeds and cones

__________ involves the study of how biological information is passed from one generation to the next.

Genetics

__________ was an early pioneer in the field of genetics with his famous experiments with pea plants.

Mendel

Which genetic characteristics did Gregor Mendel include in his studies?

all of the above

What is a gene?

a particular stretch of DNA located on a chromosome

The "double helix" of DNA refers to:

hydrogen bonding of the nucleotide bases.

Which of the following statements about DNA is not correct?

RNA is the mirror opposite of DNA.

What is the difference between DNA and tRNA?

size, sugar, location, shape

Why do children so closely resemble their parents?

Children's genes are a combination of the base-pair sequence in the genes of both parents.

Ribose and deoxyribose sugars differ by:

one oxygen atom.

All genetic information is coded by __________ base pairs on DNA.

4

Which of the following does not have to contain a DNA molecule?

virus

Where does protein synthesis in a cell actually take place?

ribosome

Which could be an example of DNA sequencing?

C A T C A T

Scientists think:

evolution as a fact.

Vestigial organs are organs that animals:

no longer use.

The ratio of extinct species to living species on Earth is about:

1,000 to 1.

The term fossil record refers to:

all fossils found, catalogued, and analyzed over time.

Which of the following gases are known to have been in Earth's early atmosphere?

water vapor, ammonia, methane and hydrogen

What was the negative role that sunlight had in the evolution of early life on Earth?

broke the organic molecule bonds