Space physics

what are the 8 planets in the solar system in order from the sun

-Mercury

-Venus

-Earth

-Mars

-Jupiter

-Saturn

-Uranus

-Neptune

-(Pluto)

what is the smallest planet in our solar system

mercury

what is the largest planet in our solar system

jupiter

between which planets is the asteroid belt

Mars and Jupiter

between which planets is the kepler belt

Neptune and Pluto

how do you calculate the orbital speed of a planet

v=2𝜋r/t

what is a light year

the distance travelled by light in a year

what is the speed of light

300 000 000 m/s = 3×10⁸

how far does light travel in a year

9.46 × 10^{15 m a year}

how do you calculate how many seconds are in a year

365 × 24 × 60 × 60

what sized star is the sun

a medium sized dwarf star

what is the sun made of

Hydrogen and Helium

what kind of rays does the sun let off into the photoshere

-infrared (heat)

-short waves (colours)

-ultraviolet (sunburn)

what protects us from harmful UVs

the ozone layer

how is a star formed

-first, it is an interstellar cloud of dust and gas containing hydrogen

-next, it becomes a protostar when the interstellar cloud collapses and increases in temperature because of its internal gravitational attraction

-finally, it becomes a stable star when the inward force of gravitational attraction is balanced by an outward force due to high temperatures in the centre

what is an interstellar cloud

cloud of dust and gas containing hydrogen

what is a protostar

when the interstellar cloud collapses and increases in temperature because of its internal gravitational attraction

when does a star become a stable star

when the inward force of gravitational attraction is balanced by an outward force due to high temperatures in the centre

when do planets die out

when the star runs out of hydrogen as fuel for the nuclear reaction

what can nebulas from a supernova do

form an new star with orbiting planets

what happens when a small mass star runs out of hydrogen

it expands into a red giant then collapses into a white dwarf and a planetary nebula

what happens when a large mass star runs out of hydrogen

it expands into a red supergiant, then creates a supernova to then become a neutron star

what happens when a very large mass star runs out of hydrogen

it expands into a red supergiant, then creates a supernova to eventually become a black hole

how big is the milky way

100 000 light years in diameter

how many galaxies is the universe made of

billions

approximately, how old is the universe

13.8 billion years old

how does hydrogen create helium to power the star

how hot is the sun

15.5 million°C or 28 million°F

what is red shift

when the missing wavelengths from distant stars are shifted the red side of the colour spectrum because they are moving away from us

what is the biggest asteroid

Ceres (can be considered a dwarf planet)

what moons orbit saturn

-atlas

-laptus

-mimas

-hyperion

what moon orbits jupiter

callisto

how was the universe before

it was hot and contained gamma rays

why is the universe different now

because the universe is expanding from a single point of high density, it now contains microwave waves instead of gamma rays

how cold id the universe

-270°C