unit 1 history test

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
Proclamation of 1763

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Boston Massacre

incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed American colonists

Declaration of Independence

declared the United States independent of British rule 1776

War for Independence

1775-1783; also called "Revolutionary War"; war between Britian and the American colonies; American victory.

Patriot

American colonist who favored American independence

Loyalist

A person who supported the British during the American Revolution

Articles of Confederation

the first constitution of the United States (1777) creating an association of states with weak central government

Shays' Rebellion

A 1787 rebellion - ex-Revolutionary War soldiers tried to prevent foreclosures of farms bc of high interest rates and taxes

Great Compromise

states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

3/5 Compromise

slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representative purposes -compromise between the North and South to get the South to accept and sign the Constitution

Federalist

supporters of the Constitution

Anti-Federalist

opposers of the Constitution

Constitution

A written plan of government

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments to the Constitution

George Washington

1st President

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established a federal court system which would be headed up by the Supreme Court with three executive departments (war, treasure, state)

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to one's nation

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. Advocated for creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off national debt. (federalist)

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president (democratic-republican)

Federalists

Believed in strong national government, supporters of constitution and didn't want Bill of Rights because already had constitutional protection

Democratic-Republican

Believed people should have political power, favored strong state governments instead of national, agricultural, opposed national bank

Marbury v. Madison

Case that established the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Bank of the United States

first national bank funded by the federal government and wealthy investors, proposed by hamilton

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Industrial Revolution

the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs(taxes), and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions on the extension of slavery into new territories

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837). As president he opposed the second Bank of the United States, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. also a general who led American forces in the Battle of New Orleans

spoils system

A system in which incoming political parties throw out former government workers and replace them with their own friends

Trail of Tears

path the Cherokee were forced to travel from Georgia to Indian Territory.

Panic of 1837

a series of financial failures that led to an economic depression

Constitution: Republicanism

The ideology of being organized as a republic. Emphasis on self-rule. This power of the people is exercised through the election of representatives.

Constitution: Federalism

The division of power between the national and state governments.

Constitution: Popular sovereignty

All political power is derived from the people. The people can give but also take away any government power.

Constitution: Limited government

The government only has so much power. They can only do what is delegated to them (in the constitution) and individual's rights are protected against government intrusion.

Constitution: Checks and balances

Each branch has a way to limit the power of other branches to keep each other in check.

Constitution: Separation of powers

Power is split between legislative, executive, and judicial branches so no single branch can become too powerful.

What would the United States of the late 1700s be considered?

A state

Why did the colonists revolt against royal control?

\-taxation without representation

\-did not respect their needs for growth

\-forced to let British soldiers eat and sleep in their homes

How did the colonists win the War?

The amount support for the revolution. French assistance, as well as thousands of farmers, artisans, and laborers who put themselves in the line of fire, helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781

Describe the Articles of Confederation and why they "failed?"

the Articles of Confederation failed because they were crafted to keep the national government as weak as possible:

\-There was no power to enforce laws.

\-No judicial branch or national courts.

\-Amendments needed to have a unanimous vote.

\-could declare war but not in-list any troops

\-could not force the states to do anything

What was the process for writing and ratifying the US Constitution?

The Constitution would take effect once it had been ratified by nine of the thirteen State legislatures; unanimity was not required.

What were the specific challenges that the Founders overcame in ratifying the Constitution?

the Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution. They complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights.

What powers are specifically assigned to each of the three branches of government?

\-Legislative—Makes laws (Congress, comprised of the House of Representatives and Senate)

\-Executive—Carries out laws (president, vice ~~president~~, Cabinet, most federal agencies)

\-Judicial—Evaluates laws (Supreme Court and other courts)

Hamilton's plan (and reasoning) for the American economy to

Hamilton wanted:

\-strong central gov

\-economy that helped the trade industry

\-to set up Bank of the US (funded by federal gov + wealthy investors - if wealthy invested they would become more committed to the bank)

Jeffersons response to hamilton’s plan:

\-wanted weak central gov

\-economy that favored farmers

\-didnt want bank (believed it would create an alliance between gov & wealthy investors)