Chapter 5 Test

Program Counter

What holds the address of the next instruction to be executed

Input/Output, ALU, Control Unit, Memory

4 major subsystems of Von Neumann Architecture

cluster computing

What is MIMD parallel processing also called

data transfer

These operations move info between or within the different components of the computer

arithmetic

These operations cause the arithmetic/logic unit to perform a computation

compare

These operations compare two values and set an indicator on the basis of the results of the compare.

Program Counter

What holds the address of the next instruction to be executed

300-500

how many instructions does CISC have

branch

These operations alter the normal sequential flow of control

RISC and CISC

what are the 2 design philosophies that most modern processors use

Fetch, decode, execute

The control unit performs what 3 tasks

bus

what is a path for electrical signals called

registers, interconnections between components, and ALU circuitry

what is the ALU made of

data path

what are the components of the ALU together called

ALU and control unit

what are the 2 components of the CPU

SASD

a mass storage device where info is located by sequentially searching all the info that's stored

SASD

what doesn't require that all units of data be identifiable via unique addresses.

seek time

time needed to position the read/write head over the correct track

latency

the time for the beginning of the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head

RISC Machine

a machine that has a very small and simple instruction set, but where each instruction is highly optimized and executes very quickly

nonvolatile memory

what are hard drives an example of

DASDs and SASDs

the 2 distinct forms mass storage devices come in

DASDs

a mass storage device where equal access time's been eliminated. Every unit of info has a unique address, but time to access them varies.

volatile memory

memory that is lost when the computer is turned off

RAM

what is an example of volatile memory

nonvolatile memory

Storage that retains data even when powered down

hard drive

what is an example of nonvolatile memory

nonvolatile memory

are mass storage devices volatile or nonvolatile memory

high speed

is cache memory a low speed or high speed memory unit

data from the fetch instruction

what does the MDR contain

memory address to access

what does the MAR hold

destructive

what kind of store is MDR

nondestructive

what kind of store is MAR

memory

what is organized into addressable cells

MDR and MAR

data is fetched and stored into the cells based on what 2 components

decoder and fetch/store controller

what 2 things r used to organize memory

destructive store

When you store a new value in a memory cell and destroy its previous contents

nondestructive fetch

When you access the contents of a memory cell you only copy it; you do not destroy it.

nondestructive

is fetching nondestructive or destructive

memory

what is organized into addressable cells

MDR and MAR

data is fetched and stored into the cells based on what 2 components

decoder and fetch/store controller

what 2 things r used to organize memory

nanosecond

one billionth of a second

destructive store

When you store a new value in a memory cell and destroy its previous contents

terabyte

1 trillion bytes

destructive

is storing destructive or nondestructive

ROM

a special type of access memory where info has been prerecorded during manufacture. Information cannot be modified or removed, only fetched/accessed

address

A unique identifier given to each cell

yes

are addresses unsigned integers

sequential execution of instructions

one instruction at a time is fetched from memory and passed to the control unit, where it is decoded and executed

Computer Organization

the branch of computer science that studies computers in terms of their major functional units and how they work

sector

A disk storage unit containing an address, a data block, and a fixed number of bytes; sectors are arranged in concentric tracks on a disk

track

A single concentric circle of information on a disk

instruction register

a special memory location in the CPU that stores the current instruction that is being executed

clock

A microchip that regulates the timing and speed of all computer functions

fetch and store

what are the 2 basic memory operations

traffic officer

what does the fetch/store controller act like

instruction set

the set of all operations that can be executed by a processor

CISC

which uses less ram: CISC or RISC

memory width/cell size

size of a cell

2^n

maximum memory address space

5-10 nanoseconds

how long does it take RAM to access