Health
being able to complete things that are important to you
sickness
temporary state, when a person does not feel 100% themselves
Disability
something that hinders a person can affect different aspects
Disablement framework
health condition is a factor but not a determinant of function
The medical model emphasizes the person and their impairments - disability is a feature of the person that requires medical care
Social model loss of function, disease, trauma may be managed by social change
WHO
World Health Organization
health, motivation to engage in life, sense of control over ones actions, desire to interact and connect with others, engages the individuals self-esteem
Health
the state of complete physical, mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease
ICF
International classical of functioning disability and health
Codes of classify diseases
ICF model- body structures, body function, activity, capacity, participation, performance
Contextual factors
Personal and environmental
Personal
health, motivation, cultural
Environmental
Physical and social
Occupation model
occupation all that people need want or are obligated to do
Occupational science
a study of human occupation and how they are invested
OTPF
engagements in which people participate in their daily life and throughout their lifespan
Test and measures
Functional Independence measure score
Normative data
general patterns and experiences within a population
nonnormative not consistent or atypical
Maturation
refers to the process of an individual growing biologically, socially and emotionally over time, changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level of function
Development
refers to those changes in performance that are heavily influenced by maturational processes and growth such as learning to walk
Developmental milestones
behavior acquired largely through maturation
Crawling
Learning
the acquisition of new behavior through interaction with the environment
Skills
behaviors acquired through learning
Occupational engagement
“people doing occupations in a manner that fully involves their effort, drive, and attention
CNS
brain and spinal cord a part of the nervous system that is protected by the bony covering of skill and vertebral column
PNS:
nerves and nerve roots and connect to the control centers of the CNS to external sites such as muscle, skin, and glands
ANS
part of the PNS, acts as a control system functioning largely below the levels of consciousness and controls visceral functions
Hierarchical model
as the CNS matures the behavior displayed represents the functioning of that level
Neuroplasticity
the ability of the human brain to change as a result of ones experience, that the brain is plastic and malleable, and structural and functional changes in the brain are driven by environmental changes
Development is not bilateral
engagement is due to maturation and functions are modified through engagement you learn as you go
Genomics
the study of the genetic code in the context of the genome
Genotype
genetic makeup of the cell
Phenotype
composite of an organisms observable behavior characteristics or traits, behaviors, and products of behavior
Heritability
used to describe the amount of variability in the phenotype that is attributable to the genotype
Developmental systems theory
a collection of models of biological development and evolution that attempt to incorporate the multiple scientific advances
Dynamical systems theory
developed from the fields of physics and math that refers the self organization of complex particles
Motor control
study of how movements are produced, reflexive, automatic, adaptive and voluntary movements
Family development theory
emphasizes the evolution of families over time
Life course theory
a multidisciplinary paradigm for the study of peoples lives, structural contexts and social change
Life course health development model
Health is more than the absence of disease and is affected by multiple determinants over the life course
Abraham Maslow
hierarchy of needs- ADLs
Self actualization
Lawrence Kohlberg
linear path of development in moral growth
Temperament
predisposition of response, looks at activity level, rhythmicity, disrtactibility, approach or withdrawal
Jean Pagets cognitive domain
Assimilation
Accommodation
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development
to easy zone
Zone of proximal development
to hard zone
4 weeks
Embryo divides into 3 layers of cells
Nervous system and sense organs
circulatory, skeletal, and muscular system
Digestive and some granular
Development begins
heart tube, neural tube, intestinal tract, lungs, liver, kidney, limbs
5-9 weeks
Bones and muscles begin to contour to body
face and neck appear
limbs elongate
sex organ begin to born
9-12/13
Fetal period begins
sexual differentiation
vocal cords appear
digestive system begins to function
kidneys begin to functions
spontaneous movement of arms, legs, shoulder, fingers
13-16/17 weeks
fetus is curled
hands and feet are well formed
fingers may curl
reflexes active
17-20/21 weeks
looks like baby
hair growth
spine straighten
21-25 weeks
eyes are completely formed
taste buds
25-28/29 weeks
fetus is viable
cerebral hemisphere cover almost entire brain
may cry, breathe, swallow, and suck thumb
29-33 weeks
fetus can live without life support
fat accumulation
Lung development
respiratory distress syndrome
Chronic lung development
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Progressive scarring likely due to prolonged ventilation
Heart
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary hypertension
Persistent fetal circulation- requires ECMO
Gastric system
GERD
Musculoskeletal
hypotonia
Vision
Retinopathy of prematurity- caused by ischemia
Abuse
Verbal abuse from an intimate partner during pregnancy is associated with immature or deficient auditory function at birth
Research shows that PTSD is found in babies born to mothers who experiences non-physical trauma during pregnancy
Mothers who face mental or psychological trauma during pregnancy have babies that show three times the amount of inflammation in their bodies as a baby born within healthy circumstances. Inflammation can be the root of poor health later in life. The likelihood of depression is higher in these cases for the baby.
Fetal Alcohol
Regular use of some drugs can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, in which the baby goes through withdrawal pon birth. Most research in this area has focused on the effects of opioids. However, data has shown that the use of alcohol, barbiturates, benzos, and caffeine during pregnancy may also cause the infant to show withdrawal symptoms. The type and severity of an infant's withdrawal symptoms depend on the drug, how long and how often it was used, how her body breaks it down and whether the infant was born premature or not.
Fetal alcohol exposure occurs when a woman drinks while pregantn. Alcohol cna disrupt fetal development at any stage during a pregnancy- including at the earliest stages before a woman knows she is pregnant
There is no research that determines how, when, how much or what can cause fetal alcohol syndrome
Symptoms of drug withdrawal
blotchy skin coloring, diarrhea, excessive or high-pitched crying, abnormal sucking reflex, fever, hyperactive reflexes, increased muscle tone, irritability, poor feeding, rapid breathing, seizures, sleep problems, slow weight gain, stuffy nose and sneezing, sweating, trembling, vomiting
Maternal infections
toxoplasmosis: parasite
Hydrocephalus: blindness, mental retardations
Chemical
Lead: pregnancy loss, CNS damage
Methylmercury: Spasticity, MR, cerebral atrophy
Maternal disorders
Diabetes: congenital heart defect, neural tube defect, limb defects
Autoimmune disorders: congenital heart block
Toxins
Cigarette smoking: low birth weight
Chronic alcoholism: microcephaly, FAS
Plagiocephaly
flattening of back of the head after laying on the back for so long
Treatments: helmet- used to reshape childs skull
Torticollis
Head turning to the side
can be seen with plagiocephaly