Lifespan Test 1

Health

being able to complete things that are important to you

sickness

temporary state, when a person does not feel 100% themselves

Disability

something that hinders a person can affect different aspects

Disablement framework

* health condition is a factor but not a determinant of function
* The medical model emphasizes the person and their impairments - disability is a feature of the person that requires medical care
* Social model loss of function, disease, trauma may be managed by social change

WHO

World Health Organization

health, motivation to engage in life, sense of control over ones actions, desire to interact and connect with others, engages the individuals self-esteem

Health

the state of complete physical, mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease

ICF

International classical of functioning disability and health

Codes of classify diseases

ICF model- body structures, body function, activity, capacity, participation, performance

Contextual factors

Personal and environmental

Personal

health, motivation, cultural

Environmental

Physical and social

Occupation model

occupation all that people need want or are obligated to do

Occupational science

a study of human occupation and how they are invested

OTPF

engagements in which people participate in their daily life and throughout their lifespan

Test and measures

Functional Independence measure score

Normative data

general patterns and experiences within a population

nonnormative not consistent or atypical

Maturation

refers to the process of an individual growing biologically, socially and emotionally over time, changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level of function

Development

refers to those changes in performance that are heavily influenced by maturational processes and growth such as learning to walk

Developmental milestones

behavior acquired largely through maturation

Crawling

Learning

the acquisition of new behavior through interaction with the environment

Skills

behaviors acquired through learning

Occupational engagement

“people doing occupations in a manner that fully involves their effort, drive, and attention

CNS

brain and spinal cord a part of the nervous system that is protected by the bony covering of skill and vertebral column

PNS:

nerves and nerve roots and connect to the control centers of the CNS to external sites such as muscle, skin, and glands

ANS

part of the PNS, acts as a control system functioning largely below the levels of consciousness and controls visceral functions

Hierarchical model

as the CNS matures the behavior displayed represents the functioning of that level

Neuroplasticity

the ability of the human brain to change as a result of ones experience, that the brain is plastic and malleable, and structural and functional changes in the brain are driven by environmental changes

Development is not bilateral

engagement is due to maturation and functions are modified through engagement you learn as you go

Genomics

the study of the genetic code in the context of the genome

Genotype

genetic makeup of the cell

Phenotype

composite of an organisms observable behavior characteristics or traits, behaviors, and products of behavior

Heritability

used to describe the amount of variability in the phenotype that is attributable to the genotype

Developmental systems theory

a collection of models of biological development and evolution that attempt to incorporate the multiple scientific advances

Dynamical systems theory

developed from the fields of physics and math that refers the self organization of complex particles

Motor control

study of how movements are produced, reflexive, automatic, adaptive and voluntary movements

Family development theory

emphasizes the evolution of families over time

Life course theory

a multidisciplinary paradigm for the study of peoples lives, structural contexts and social change

Life course health development model

Health is more than the absence of disease and is affected by multiple determinants over the life course

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs- ADLs

Self actualization

Lawrence Kohlberg

linear path of development in moral growth

Temperament

predisposition of response, looks at activity level, rhythmicity, disrtactibility, approach or withdrawal

Jean Pagets cognitive domain

Assimilation

Accommodation

Lev Vygotsky

Zone of proximal development

to easy zone

Zone of proximal development

to hard zone

4 weeks

* Embryo divides into 3 layers of cells
* Nervous system and sense organs
* circulatory, skeletal, and muscular system
* Digestive and some granular
* Development begins
* heart tube, neural tube, intestinal tract, lungs, liver, kidney, limbs

5-9 weeks

Bones and muscles begin to contour to body

face and neck appear

limbs elongate

sex organ begin to born

9-12/13

Fetal period begins

sexual differentiation

vocal cords appear

digestive system begins to function

kidneys begin to functions

spontaneous movement of arms, legs, shoulder, fingers

13-16/17 weeks

fetus is curled

hands and feet are well formed

fingers may curl

reflexes active

17-20/21 weeks

looks like baby

hair growth

spine straighten

21-25 weeks

eyes are completely formed

taste buds

25-28/29 weeks

fetus is viable

cerebral hemisphere cover almost entire brain

may cry, breathe, swallow, and suck thumb

29-33 weeks

fetus can live without life support

fat accumulation

Lung development

respiratory distress syndrome

Chronic lung development

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Progressive scarring likely due to prolonged ventilation

Heart

Patent ductus arteriosus

Pulmonary hypertension

Persistent fetal circulation- requires ECMO

Gastric system

GERD

Musculoskeletal

hypotonia

Vision

Retinopathy of prematurity- caused by ischemia

Abuse

* Verbal abuse from an intimate partner during pregnancy is associated with immature or deficient auditory function at birth
* Research shows that PTSD is found in babies born to mothers who experiences non-physical trauma during pregnancy
* Mothers who face mental or psychological trauma during pregnancy have babies that show three times the amount of inflammation in their bodies as a baby born within healthy circumstances. Inflammation can be the root of poor health later in life. The likelihood of depression is higher in these cases for the baby.

Fetal Alcohol

* Regular use of some drugs can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, in which the baby goes through withdrawal pon birth. Most research in this area has focused on the effects of opioids. However, data has shown that the use of alcohol, barbiturates, benzos, and caffeine during pregnancy may also cause the infant to show withdrawal symptoms. The type and severity of an infant's withdrawal symptoms depend on the drug, how long and how often it was used, how her body breaks it down and whether the infant was born premature or not. 
* Fetal alcohol exposure occurs when a woman drinks while pregantn. Alcohol cna disrupt fetal development at any stage during a pregnancy- including at the earliest stages before a woman knows she is pregnant
* There is no research that determines how, when, how much or what can cause fetal alcohol syndrome 

Symptoms of drug withdrawal

blotchy skin coloring, diarrhea, excessive or high-pitched crying, abnormal sucking reflex, fever, hyperactive reflexes, increased muscle tone, irritability, poor feeding, rapid breathing, seizures, sleep problems, slow weight gain, stuffy nose and sneezing, sweating, trembling, vomiting

Maternal infections

toxoplasmosis: parasite

Hydrocephalus: blindness, mental retardations

Chemical

Lead: pregnancy loss, CNS damage

Methylmercury: Spasticity, MR, cerebral atrophy

Maternal disorders

Diabetes: congenital heart defect, neural tube defect, limb defects

Autoimmune disorders: congenital heart block

Toxins

Cigarette smoking: low birth weight

Chronic alcoholism: microcephaly, FAS

Plagiocephaly

flattening of back of the head after laying on the back for so long

Treatments: helmet- used to reshape childs skull

Torticollis

Head turning to the side

can be seen with plagiocephaly