Studied by 3 people
Phosphate salts
Mined and used in inorganic fertilizers and some detergents.
Gravel
Used for roadbeds and to make concrete.
Igneous
Forms below the earths surface when magma wells up from the earths upper mantle or deep crust and then cools and hardens.
Metamorphic
Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these, which.
Richter Scale
Used to measure earthquake intensity.
Open Pit Mining
Machines dig a massive hole and remove ores.
Surface Mining
Used to harvest shallow deposits.
Transform boundaries
continental or ocean plates slide past one another.
Geology
Dynamic processes taking place on the earths surface and in the earths interior.
Subduction Zone
The continental plate rides up over the cooler, denser, oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle.
Mineral resource
Can be extracted from the earths crust and processed into raw materials and products at an affordable cost.
Recycling and Reusing
Lower environmental impact than mining and processing metals from ores.
Platinum
Electronics, catalyst in industry, and in automobile pollution control converters.
Epicenter
Found directly above the focus on the earths surface.
Hydraulic Mining
Sing water cannons to wash entire hillsides into collection boxes.
Materials revolution
Ceramics, high- strength plastics.
Aftershocks Foreshocks
Tremors after or before an earthquake.
Gold
Electrical equipment, jewelry, coins, medical implants, and as a catalyst to speed up certain chemical reactions.
Acid mine drainage
Rainwater seeps through the mine or spoil pile and carries sulfuric acid (from bacteria acting on iron sulfide)
Erosion
Wind, flowing water, human activities, glaciers.
Reserves
Identified resources from which the mineral can be extracted profitably at current prices.
Tailings
The unused materials left on land from dredging ore deposits from streams.
Cr
An essential ingredient of stainless steel.
Sedimentary
Made of sediments- dead plant and animal remains and existing rocks that are eroded and weathered into tiny particles.
Subsidence
___Collapse of land above mines.
Steel
Alloy of Fe, and other elements such as Mn, Co, Mo, and Cr.
Spoils
Overburden discarded as waste material.
Mountaintop Removal
Use of explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines to remove tops of mountains.
Asthenosphere
Hot partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic.
Subsurface Mining
Used to harvest deep deposits.
Geology
Dynamic processes taking place on the earths surface and in the earths interior
Core
Earths innermost zone (solid inner part, surrounded by a liquid core of molten rock)
Mantle
Thick, solid rock zone surrounding the core
Asthenosphere
Hot partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like soft plastic
Crust
Outermost & thinnest zone
Lithosphere
The outermost part of the mantle and continental crust oceanic crust
Divergent boundaries
When ocean plates move apart allowing molten material to flow up through the cracks creating oceanic ridges
Convergent boundaries
ocean plates collide with continental plates
Subduction Zone
the continental plate rides up over the cooler, denser, oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle
Transform boundaries
continental or ocean plates slide past one another
Internal geologic processes
Generally build up the earths surface
External geologic processes
Directly or indirectly driven by energy from the sun, wind, flowing water, and glaciers which all contribute to erosion and are influenced by gravity
Weathering
Physical, chemical, and biological
Erosion
Wind, flowing water, human activities, glaciers
1991
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
Focus
A place where an earthquake begins below the earths surface
Epicenter
Found directly above the focus on the earths surface
Magnitude
A measure of ground motion indicated by the size of the seismic waves
Richter Scale
Used to measure earthquake intensity
Aftershocks/Foreshocks
Tremors after or before an earthquake
Tsunami
Series of large waves generated when part of the ocean floor suddenly rises or drops
December 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami
Minerals
Element or inorganic compound in earths crust
Rock
Combination of one or more minerals
Igneous
Forms below the earths surface when magma wells up from the earths upper mantle or deep crust and then cools and hardens
Metamorphic
Forms when preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these, which
Mineral resource
Can be extracted from the earths crust and processed into raw materials and products at an affordable cost
Metallic minerals
aluminum, gold
Nonmetallic minerals
sand, limestone
Ore
Rock that contains large concentrations of a particular mineral (often metal)
High-grade Ore
Contains large amounts of desired nonrenewable resources
Low-grade Ore
Contains a small amount of desired nonrenewable resources
Aluminum
Packaging, structural material
Steel
Alloy of Fe, and other elements such as Mn, Co, Mo, and Cr
Copper
Electrical and communications
Platinum
Electronics, catalyst in industry, and in automobile pollution control converters
Gold
Electrical equipment, jewelry, coins, medical implants, and as a catalyst to speed up certain chemical reactions
Sand
Primarily SiO2 or silicon dioxide
Gravel
Used for roadbeds and to make concrete
Limestone
Mostly CaCO3 or calcium carbonate
Phosphate salts
Mined and used in inorganic fertilizers and some detergents
Reserves
Identified resources from which the mineral can be extracted profitably at current prices
Surface Mining
Used to harvest shallow deposits
Subsurface Mining
Used to harvest deep deposits
Open Pit Mining
Machines dig massive holes and remove ores
Strip Mining
Used for extracting deposits that lie close to the earths surface and lie in horizontal beds
Area Strip Mining
Used where the terrain is fairly flat
Contour Strip Mining
Used where the terrain is hilly or mountainous
Mountaintop Removal
Use of explosives, large power shovels, and huge machines to remove tops of mountains
Hydraulic Mining
Sing water cannons to wash entire hillsides into collection boxes
Overburden
Soil and rock overlying a useful mineral deposit
Spoils
Overburden discarded as waste material
Tailings
The unused materials left on land from dredging ore deposits from streams
Subsidence
Collapse of land above mines
Acid mine drainage
Rainwater seeps through the mine or spoil pile and carries sulfuric acid (from bacteria acting on iron sulfide)
Smelting
Uses heat or chemicals
Depletion time
time to use a certain portion of reserves
Materials revolution
Ceramics, high-strength plastics
Pt
Industrial catalyst
Cr
An essential ingredient of stainless steel
Recycling and Reusing
Lower environmental impact than mining and processing metals from ores
Note 
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