Food and Nutrition Study Notes

Multi Choice Test - Content from Weeks 1-2

What are the 3 macronutrients?

The three macronutrients are carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins, which are essential for providing energy and supporting bodily functions.

Which Micronutrient is organic?

The three Micronutrients are water, minerals and vitamins. Vitamins are organic, while the other two are inorganic.

What is the main purpose of proteins?

Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes, and supporting immune function.

What does Malnutrition mean?

Excess or deficit food energy or energy used in the body.

What are the ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ carbs?

Simple carbs are sugars. This is the glucose, fructose and lactose. These digest quickly and give you immediate fuel. Complex cards are starches and fibres. Eg. vegetables, oats, wheat, grains. These breakdown in your body slower, and provide more steady energy.

What are fats main function?

Fats are responsible of transporting and supporting absorption of fat soluble vitamins.

What are the differences between fat soluable viatmins and water soluable vitamins?

Water-soluable Vitamins dissolve in water, circulate freely in the bloodstream and are not stored extensively, meaning that regular intake is important! Fat-soluable vitamins are absorbed by the fat we attain in our diet. They are stored in the liver and adipose tissue. They can accumulate, meaning it should not be consumed in excessive amounts.

What does RDI and NRV stand for?

Recommended Daily Intake. Nutritional Reference Values

What are two water-soluable vitamins?

Vitamin B and C

What is the EAR and RDI?

The EAR is the estimated average requirements of a specific nutrient (excl proteins). This meets 50% of the populations requirements. The RDI is the recommended dietary intake. This meets 98% of the populations needs.

What is the order of which food is digested?

Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine then Large Intestine

What are the three secretations?

Saliva, Gastric Juice and Bile.

Match the function to the term. Bile

Emulsifies dietary lipids, enabling effective action of lipase.

Match the function to the term. Saliva.

Lubricates and Starts Digestion

Gastric Juice.

Delivers Enzymes for breaking down all 3 macronutirnets and bicarbonate to neutralise acidic chyme.

Nutrients cross the gut wall by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Define what Simple Diffusion is?

Simple Diffusion is when small molecules, such as water and some lipids, move freely across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient. They can pass through the gut wall on their own.

Define what Active Transport is.

Active Transport is when Nutrients are moved against their concentration gradient using energy, often in the form of ATP; this allows absorption of molecules.

Define what Facilitated Diffusion is.

 Carrier proteins help larger molecules, like glucose and some amino acids, cross the membrane without using energy.

What is the secretion of the Gall Bladder and Liver?

Bile

What is the secretion for Intestinal Glands

Intestinal Juice

Define what Human Nutrition Research means

Structured scientific study of nutrients, foods, eating patterns and the ways the human body processes these components.

Define what Evidence Based Nutrition means

Using the best available scientific research to guide dietary advice, clinical decisions and public health recommendations. It relies on high quality, multiple studies, not single studies or personal opinions.

What is a blind and double blind experiment.

Blind = When the participants do not know what group they are in. Double Blind = When the researchers also do not know what group they are in to avoid bias.

What are Laboratory Based Studies?

Explores the effects of a specific variable on a tissue, cell or molecule where conditions are controlled. Usually conduected in test tubes or on animals.

What is an example of a human intervention?

When a specific group of people are asked to take a Vitamin C supplement to their diet as it is supposed to help prevent illness.

What is the purpose of a peer review?

To evaluate the validity, accuracy and quality of a particular study before it is published. This is done by other experts in the same field.

To determine whether a site is reliable, why do we ask ‘Where?’

We need to know where the information is coming from, and if the source is reliable. We can do this by checking to see if the address ends in govt, edu, or org. These are reliable sources.

Why do we check When the site was published?

Nutrition is a young, ever changing science. Sites usually need to be updated frequently for the information to be accurate.

Why do we have to question WHY?

Publishers might have other motives than just providing people with information about their health. They might be trying to sell you something. Meaning their motive is money.

What is the order in which Nutritional Scientists carry out investigations

Observation and Question, Hypothesis and Prediction, Experiment, Results and Interpretations