AP Bio Bacteria Quiz

Three domains of life

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya.

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism without a nucleus; includes Bacteria and Archaea.

Autotrophs

Organisms that synthesize their own food.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that consume food for energy.

Biofilms

Groups of bacteria that stick together, providing protection and resistance.

Extremophiles

Archaea that live in extreme environments.

Thermophiles

Heat-loving bacteria or archaea.

Halophiles

Salt-loving bacteria or archaea.

Exotoxins

Toxins that are secreted by bacteria (e.g., tetanus toxin).

Endotoxins

Toxins that are part of the bacterial cell wall (e.g., E. coli).

Nitrogen fixation

The process by which prokaryotes convert nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants.

Protists

A diverse group of organisms that can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like.

Endosymbiosis

The process by which a cell engulfs another cell, leading to symbiotic relationships.

Euglenozoans

A clade of protists characterized by flagella and a unique type of chloroplast.

Binary fission

The method of asexual reproduction in bacteria involving DNA replication and cell division.

Conjugation

The process of exchanging genetic material between two bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance

The ability of bacteria to evolve and withstand the effects of antibiotics.

Lytic cycle

The viral life cycle where the virus destroys the host cell.

Retrovirus

A type of virus that integrates its RNA into the host genome and is converted to DNA (e.g., HIV).

Vaccine

A preparation that stimulates immunity against a disease without causing it.

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria, consisting of a head (capsid), tail fibers, and DNA.

Cocci

Spherical-shaped bacteria.

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Spirilla

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

Lysogenic cycle

A viral life cycle in which the virus integrates into host DNA and remains dormant until activated.