Parasitism and Mutualism

Vocabulary flashcards based on the concepts of parasitism and mutualism.

Symbiosis

An intimate and prolonged association between two or more organisms of different species.

Mutualism

A type of symbiosis where both species benefit from the relationship.

Parasitism

A relationship where one species (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another species (the host).

Commensalism

A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected.

Amensalism

A relationship where one species is negatively affected while the other shows no response.

Microparasite

A parasite that is typically small, has a short generation time, and develops rapidly within the host.

Macroparasite

A larger parasite that usually does not complete its life cycle within a single host and has a longer generation time.

Haustorium

A modified root that penetrates host tissues to connect to vascular tissue in parasitic plants.

Definitive host

The host in which a parasite reaches sexual maturity.

Intermediate host

A host that harbors a parasite during a stage in its life cycle.

Ectoparasite

A parasite that lives on the outside of the host.

Endoparasite

A parasite that lives within the host.

Dilution effect

The phenomenon where higher species diversity leads to lower disease risk.

Obligate mutualists

Mutualists that cannot survive or reproduce without their interaction.

Facultative mutualists

Mutualists that can survive and reproduce independently of the interaction.

Symbiotic algae

Algae that live within coral tissues and provide energy to the corals through photosynthesis.

Rhizobium

Bacteria that form a symbiotic relationship with legumes to fix nitrogen.

Myrmecochore

Plants that have seeds with elaiosomes, attracting ants for seed dispersal.

Nectivores

Animals that feed on nectar and inadvertently help with pollination.

Fungi

Organisms that may have a symbiotic relationship with plants, aiding in nutrient absorption.