Chapter 2: Chemistry and Measurements

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SI system

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60 Terms

1

SI system

In the ________, the temperature is measured using the Kelvin (K) temperature scale, on which the lowest possible temperature is 0 K.

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2

SI unit of length

The metric and ________ is the meter (m)

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3

Conversion Factors

________: Any equality that can be written as fractions; with one of the quantities in the numerator and the other quantity in the denominator.

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4

process of problem solving

The ________ in chemistry often requires one or more conversion factors to change a given unit to the needed unit.

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5

metric system

In the ________, temperature is measured using Celsius temperature.

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6

liter

When a(n) ________ is divided into a thousand parts, each of the smaller volumes is called a milliliter (mL)

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7

Weight

________: The measure of the gravitational pull on an object.

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8

Hydrometer

________: An instrument often used to measure the specific gravity of fluids.

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9

Gram

________ (g) is used for smaller masses.

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10

Density

________: The mass and volume of any object can be measured.

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11

Equalities

________: This shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity.

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12

Significant figures

________ (SFs): All the digits including the estimated digit. Nonzero numbers are always counted as ________.

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13

equal portions

When a liter is divided into 10 ________, each portion is a deciliter (dL)

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14

Cubic centimeter

________: The volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1 cm on each side.

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15

Specific Gravity

________: A relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water.

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16

prefix milli

When the ________ is used with the unit meter, it becomes a millimeter, a length that is one- thousandth of a meter (0.001 m)

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17

usefulness of conversion factors

The ________ is enhanced by the fact that we can turn a conversion factor over and use its inverse.

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18

Density

________ can be used as a conversion factor.

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19

The SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg)

used for larger masses

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20

Step 1

State the given and needed quantities

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21

Step 2

Write a plan to convert the given unit to the needed unit

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22

Step 3

State the equalities and conversion factors

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23

Step 4

Set up the problem to cancel units and calculate the answer

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24

Metric System

A system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world.

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25

International System of Units (SI)

Also known as Système International; the official system of measurement throughout the world except for the United States.

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26

meter

The metric and SI unit of length.

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27

39.4

A meter is______ inches, which makes it slightly longer than a yard.

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28

Density Formula

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29

Specific Gravity Formula

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30

Volume

The amount of space a substance occupies.

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31

Liter

The metric and SI unit of volume

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32

Millimeter (mL)

It is a smaller and more convenient unit of volume, mostly used by chemists at laboratories or hospitals.

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33

Mass

The measure of the quantity of material it contains.

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34

Kilogram

The SI unit of mass; used for larger masses

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35

Gram

The SI unit of mass; used for smaller masses

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36

Temperature

It tells us how hot something is, how cold it is outside, or helps us determine if we have a fever.

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37

Celsius

In the metric system, the temperature is measured using _______ temperature.

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38

Celsius (°C)

On the _______ temperature scale, water freezes at 0 ° and boils at 100 °.

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39

Fahrenheit (°F)

On the ________ temperature scale, water freezes at 32 ° and boils at 212 °.

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40

Kelvin (K)

In the SI system, the temperature is measured using the _____ temperature scale, on which the lowest possible temperature is 0.

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41

atomic clock

The standard now used to determine a second is an _______.

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42

Measured numbers

The numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity such as your height, weight, or temperature.

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43

Significant figures (SFs)

All the digits including the estimated digit. Nonzero numbers are always counted as significant figures.

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44

Exact Numbers

Those numbers are obtained by counting items or using a definition that compares two units in the same measuring system.

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45

Zeros

_____ in front of a decimal number or at the end of a nondecimal number are not significant.

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46

4 or less

If the first digit to be dropped is _____, then it and all the following digits are simply dropped from the number.

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47

5 or greater

If the first digit to be dropped is _________, then the last retained digit of the number is increased by 1.

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48

prefix

The special feature of the SI as well as the metric system is that a _________ can be placed in front of any unit to increase or decrease its size by some factor of 10.

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49

centi

When the prefix ______ is used with the unit meter, it becomes centimeter, a length that is one-hundredth of a meter (0.01 m).

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50

milli

When the prefix __________is used with the unit meter, it becomes a millimeter, a length that is one-thousandth of a meter (0.001 m).

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51

Equalities

This shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity.

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52

Cubic centimeter

The volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1 cm on each side. It has the same volume as a milliliter, and the units are often used interchangeably.

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53

Conversion Factors

Any equality that can be written as fractions; with one of the quantities in the numerator and the other quantity in the denominator.

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54

equality

An _______ may also be stated within a problem that applies only to that problem.

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55

dosage problems

Equalities stated within _____ for medications can also be written as conversion factors.

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56

percentage

A _________ is written as a conversion factor by choosing a unit and expressing the numerical relationship of the parts of this unit to 100 parts of the whole.

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57

Conversion factors

These are useful when changing a quantity expressed in one unit to a quantity expressed in another unit.

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58

problem-solving process

In the ________, a given unit is multiplied by one or more conversion factors that cancel units until the needed answer is obtained.

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59

Density

The mass and volume of any object can be measured.

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60

Specific Gravity

A relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water.

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