In the ________, the temperature is measured using the Kelvin (K) temperature scale, on which the lowest possible temperature is 0 K.
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SI unit of length
The metric and ________ is the meter (m)
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Conversion Factors
________: Any equality that can be written as fractions; with one of the quantities in the numerator and the other quantity in the denominator.
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process of problem solving
The ________ in chemistry often requires one or more conversion factors to change a given unit to the needed unit.
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metric system
In the ________, temperature is measured using Celsius temperature.
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liter
When a(n) ________ is divided into a thousand parts, each of the smaller volumes is called a milliliter (mL)
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Weight
________: The measure of the gravitational pull on an object.
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Hydrometer
________: An instrument often used to measure the specific gravity of fluids.
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Gram
________ (g) is used for smaller masses.
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Density
________: The mass and volume of any object can be measured.
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Equalities
________: This shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity.
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Significant figures
________ (SFs): All the digits including the estimated digit. Nonzero numbers are always counted as ________.
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equal portions
When a liter is divided into 10 ________, each portion is a deciliter (dL)
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Cubic centimeter
________: The volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1 cm on each side.
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Specific Gravity
________: A relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water.
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prefix milli
When the ________ is used with the unit meter, it becomes a millimeter, a length that is one- thousandth of a meter (0.001 m)
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usefulness of conversion factors
The ________ is enhanced by the fact that we can turn a conversion factor over and use its inverse.
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Density
________ can be used as a conversion factor.
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The SI unit of mass, the kilogram (kg)
used for larger masses
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Step 1
State the given and needed quantities
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Step 2
Write a plan to convert the given unit to the needed unit
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Step 3
State the equalities and conversion factors
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Step 4
Set up the problem to cancel units and calculate the answer
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Metric System
A system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world.
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International System of Units (SI)
Also known as Système International; the official system of measurement throughout the world except for the United States.
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meter
The metric and SI unit of length.
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39.4
A meter is______ inches, which makes it slightly longer than a yard.
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Density Formula
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Specific Gravity Formula
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Volume
The amount of space a substance occupies.
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Liter
The metric and SI unit of volume
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Millimeter (mL)
It is a smaller and more convenient unit of volume, mostly used by chemists at laboratories or hospitals.
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Mass
The measure of the quantity of material it contains.
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Kilogram
The SI unit of mass; used for larger masses
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Gram
The SI unit of mass; used for smaller masses
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Temperature
It tells us how hot something is, how cold it is outside, or helps us determine if we have a fever.
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Celsius
In the metric system, the temperature is measured using _______ temperature.
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Celsius (°C)
On the _______ temperature scale, water freezes at 0 ° and boils at 100 °.
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Fahrenheit (°F)
On the ________ temperature scale, water freezes at 32 ° and boils at 212 °.
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Kelvin (K)
In the SI system, the temperature is measured using the _____ temperature scale, on which the lowest possible temperature is 0.
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atomic clock
The standard now used to determine a second is an _______.
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Measured numbers
The numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity such as your height, weight, or temperature.
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Significant figures (SFs)
All the digits including the estimated digit. Nonzero numbers are always counted as significant figures.
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Exact Numbers
Those numbers are obtained by counting items or using a definition that compares two units in the same measuring system.
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Zeros
_____ in front of a decimal number or at the end of a nondecimal number are *not significant*.
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4 or less
If the first digit to be dropped is _____, then it and all the following digits are simply dropped from the number.
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5 or greater
If the first digit to be dropped is _________, then the last retained digit of the number is increased by 1.
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prefix
The special feature of the SI as well as the metric system is that a _________ can be placed in front of any unit to increase or decrease its size by some factor of 10.
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centi
When the prefix *______* is used with the unit meter, it becomes centimeter, a length that is one-hundredth of a meter (0.01 m).
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milli
When the prefix __________is used with the unit meter, it becomes a millimeter, a length that is one-thousandth of a meter (0.001 m).
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Equalities
This shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity.
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Cubic centimeter
The volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1 cm on each side. It has the same volume as a milliliter, and the units are often used interchangeably.
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Conversion Factors
Any equality that can be written as fractions; with one of the quantities in the numerator and the other quantity in the denominator.
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equality
An _______ may also be stated within a problem that applies only to that problem.
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dosage problems
Equalities stated within _____ for medications can also be written as conversion factors.
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percentage
A _________ is written as a conversion factor by choosing a unit and expressing the numerical relationship of the parts of this unit to 100 parts of the whole.
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Conversion factors
These are useful when changing a quantity expressed in one unit to a quantity expressed in another unit.
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problem-solving process
In the ________, a given unit is multiplied by one or more conversion factors that cancel units until the needed answer is obtained.
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Density
The mass and volume of any object can be measured.
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Specific Gravity
A relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water.
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