Anatomy II: Chapter 27 pt 1

What are considered essential organs of reproduction?

Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Gonads, Vagina

What are the female gonads called?

Ovaries

What do ovaries produce?

Ova (oocytes) and hormones

What is the duct that transports the oocyte to the uterus?

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Which structure releases the oocyte during ovulation?

Antral follicle

What hormone(s) does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

Estrogen and progesterone

If fertilization does NOT occur, the corpus luteum degenerates after how many days?

10 days

The menstrual cycle repeats approximately every?

28 days

During which phase does ovulation occur?

Follicular

What hormone stimulates the division of follicle cells?

FSH

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

FSH and LH surge

What uterine phase is enriched with blood supply?

Secretory phase

Where does fertilization most often occur?

Upper third of the uterine tube

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

When the embryo implants in the abdominal cavity or fallopian tube

What surrounds the expanded distal end of the oviduct?

Fimbriae

What is the muscle layer of the uterus called?

Myometrium

Where does mucus secretion come from between the labia minora?

Bartholin’s glands

What is the erectile tissue in females that fills with blood during sexual stimulation?

Clitoris

Which structure may rupture during sexual activity?

Hymen

What are symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Bloating, Irritability, Depression (not Muscle growth)

What are the sac like structures containing immature oocytes?

Ovarian follicles

During ovulation what is released from the follicle?

oocyte

in which phase, in the primary follicle, is its oocyte arrested?

late prophase I

What key structural feature characterizes a secondary (antral) follicle?

A visible fluid-filled cavity called the antrum

How does the corpus luteum form?

after ovulation from the ruptured follicle

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

secretes progesterone and estrogen

The oocyte and a layer of follicle cells are released during ______.

ovulation

In the absence of fertilization, the _____ degenerates in about 10 days.

corpus luteum

What is the the production of female gametes or sex cells?

Oogenesis

Which structures are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone in the female reproductive system?

cells around the oocyte in growing follicles and the corpus luteum

What causes the fluctuation of gonadotropin (FSH and LH) levels during the menstrual cycle?

Feedback from estrogen and progesterone levels on the hypothalamus and pituitary

What are the three main phases of the ovarian cycle in order?

Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

What causes the levels of estrogen and progesterone to fluctuate during the ovarian cycle?

Development and regression of follicles and the corpus luteum

___ and ___ are released during the first ½ of the menstrual cycle

FSH ; LH

What hormone timulates the division of follicle cells?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which hormone increases estrogen production during the first ½ of menstrual cycle?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

_____ also stimulates the division of follicle cells.

Estrogen

Estrogen levels rise slowly during the ______ phase.

follicular

Fertilization occurs in the…

upper third of the uterine tubes

Fertilized ovum is transported to _____.

uterus

_____, in the uterus, is the muscle layer.

Myometrium

_____, in the uterus, is lost in menstruation

Endometrium

______ is the cessation of menstruation.

Menopause