covalent bonding

covalent bonding is when ________ atoms bond together.

non metal

describe a covalent bond

A covalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the 2 bonded atoms.

It is formed when 2 atoms share electrons to gain a full outer-shell of electrons.

how many electrons are shared in each covalent bond?

2 electrons

what is a double covalent bond?

A double bond is when there are 2 covalent bonds between the same atoms, meaning there are 4 electrons being shared in total (2 electrons per covalent bond).

describe the covalent bonding of hydrogen

- Two hydrogen atoms overlap their outermost shells.

- Each hydrogen atom shares its one and only electron with the other.

- so each hydrogen atom is then in contact with 2 electrons - the maximum number that the first shell can hold!

-so now,the molecule is more stable than the individual hydrogen atoms.

describe the covalent bonding of H2O.

- Each hydrogen atom has one electron, and the oxygen atom has six electrons in its outer shell

To achieve stability:

- Each hydrogen atom shares its one electron with the oxygen atom.

- In turn, the oxygen atom shares one of its electrons with each hydrogen atom.

- This sharing forms a double covalent bond.

As a result:

Each hydrogen atom has a full outer shell (two electrons).

The oxygen atom has a full outer shell (eight electrons).

describe the covalent bonding of nitrogen (N2).

Here's how it happens:

- Each nitrogen atom has 5 electrons in its outer shell

- To achieve a full outer shell, each nitrogen atom shares 3 electrons with the other.

- This sharing of three pairs of electrons forms a triple covalent bond between the two nitrogen atoms (written as N≡N).

Each hydrogen atom has a full outer shell (two electrons).

The oxygen atom has a full outer shell (eight electrons).