NHA CCMA exam study prep

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Medicine

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115 Terms

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active listening
using techniques that allow the receiver to fully understand the message being communicated
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open-ended questions
questions that lead to further explanation
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restatement
repeating or paraphrasing information relayed by the sender to confirm accuracy
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reflection
when the receiver focuses on the main idea of the message but incorporates feelings the sender might be exhibiting or possibly feeling
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clarification
summarizing the information relayed by the sender to clear up any confusion
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nonverbal communication
gestures and actions that leave interpretation up to the receiver
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empathy
displaying an understanding of what the patient might be experiencing by imagining the experience is happening personally
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sympathy
feeling compassion
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intake process
the process of gathering initial patient information (also referred to as "rooming")
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chief complaint
reason for the office visit
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subjective information
information that is personal or what someone is feeling
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objective information
information collected that is observed by someone other than the patient
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allergy
adverse reaction caused by an antigen-antibody response
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anaphylaxis
life-threatening allergic reaction that leads to circulatory collapse
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audiometry
test to determine level of hearing
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visual acuity test
use of tools such as a Snellen chart to screen for vision impairments
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urinalysis
screening tool that evaluates the urine for the presence of dissolved substances and assists with diagnosis of medical conditions
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anthropometric measurements
screening tests that include height and weight (as well as head circumference in infants)
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vital signs
includes temperature
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homeostasis
a state of equilibrium within the body
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Denver Development Screening Test
a series of activities to determine the developmental stage of children
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scoliosis screening
screening test for the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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Mini-Mental State Examination
a tool used to determine the level of awareness of current events and recall of past events to screen for orientation or dementia
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dementia
progressive deterioration in brain function that leads to confusion and disorientation
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pyrexia
raised body temperature; fever
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metabolism
the relationship of heat production and head loss in the body
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average temperature
98.6 F
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palpation
the act of touching
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auscultation
listening
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wheezing
a whistling sound heard on expiration that is the body's attempt to expel trapped air
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rales
clicking or crackling sounds heard on inspiration that can sound moist or dry
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rhonchi
common rattling snoring sounds often associated with chronic lung diseases
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blood pressure
the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
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sphygmomanometer
instrument used to measure blood pressure that has a graduated scale for determining systolic and diastolic pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff
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systolic pressure
the first sound heard during a blood pressure reading
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diastolic pressure
the last sound heard during the blood pressure reading
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Korotkoff sounds
the five phases of articular relaxation that are audible while obtaining a manual blood pressure
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hypertension
blood pressure above the expected reference range
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average heart rate
60-100 bpm
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average respirations
12-20 bpm
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average blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
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pulse oximetry
procedure to ascertain the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood
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average pulse oximetry
\>95%
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1 kg is equal to
2.2 lbs
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body mass index
a tool to screen patients and classify results into weight categories (normal \= 18.5-24.9; underweight \=
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calculating BMI
(weight in kg / height in m^2) or (weight in lbs / height in in^2)(703)
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orthopnea
difficulty breathing in any position other than standing or sitting
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Fowler's
sitting position with the back of the exam table raised to a 90 degree angle (used for exams involving the eyes
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Semi-Fowler's
seated leaning against the back of a table that has been raised to a 45 degree angle (used for exams involving the chest or shortness of breath)
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Sims'
laying of the left side with the left leg slightly flexed and right leg fixed at a 90 degree angle (used for enemas or rectal exams)
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knee-chest
prone and bent at the waist resting on the knees with the arms above the head (used for rectal exams or spinal adjustment)
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jack-knife
lying over an exam table that is lifted in the middle (used for rectal exams or instrumentation)
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lithotomy
lying flat on the table with buttocks at the end of the table and feet resting in stirrups (used for female pelvis exams)
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dorsal recumbent
lying flat on the back with the knees bent (used for catheterizations or general examinations)
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prone
lying flat on the abdomen with the arms above the head (used for exams involving the back of the body including the bottoms of the feet)
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supine
lying flat on the back with the arms down to the side (used for exams involving the front of the body or the administration of CPR)
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Trendelenburg
legs elevated above the head to force circulation to vital organs (used to treat shock)
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needle gauges
dictates the width of the lumen; ranges from 14 to 31
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intradermal injection
injection of medication just below the skin (needle gauge: 27 to 28; length: 3/8 inch; angle: 10 to 15 degrees)
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subcutaneous injection
injection of medication into the fat beneath the dermis (needle gauge: 25 to 26; length: 1/2 inch
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intramuscular injection
injection of medication into the muscle (needle gauge: 20 to 23; length: 1 to 3 inches; angle: 90 degrees)
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intradermal injection sites
injected into the forearm or upper back (used for TB and allergy testing)
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subcutaneous injection sites
injected into the upper outer arm
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deltoid muscle injection
1 to 2 inches below the acromion (used to administer vaccines; do not exceed dosages of 1 mL; massage after procedure)
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ventrogluteal muscle injection
between the thumb and index finger when placed on the iliac crest (used to administer deep IM injections or viscous medications)
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vastus lateralis muscle injection
the mid to upper outer thigh (used to administer vaccines and medications for children
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oral medication
in the mouth
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buccal medication
between the cheek and gums
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sublingual medication
under the tongue (commonly used for nitroglycerin tablets and sprays)
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inhaled medication
breathed in through the lungs (delivered via inhalers or nebulizers)
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topical medication
applied directly to the skin (used to treat local conditions)
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mucosal medication
absorbed into and through mucous membranes (such as the nose
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transdermal medication
applied directly to the skin for continuous absorption (commonly used for nicotine patches and hormone delivery)
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triage
ranking based on the most critical to the least critical
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automatic external defibrillator (AED)
an external device attached to the chest with which to shock the heart if in asystole or arrhythmia in hopes of restarting or reestablishing a normal heart rhythm
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abrasion
superficial wound often affecting the knees or elbows
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incision
open injury typically caused by a sharp object causing a straight cut
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laceration
open injury that is jagged in nature and caused by a sharp object
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puncture
open wound that is caused by an instrument that delivers a stab apply pressure if bleeding
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contusion
closed injury
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concussion
closed head trauma in which the brain has been jolted or shaken (measure vital signs and observe)
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strain
stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon that connects a muscle to bone (prescribe rest
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sprain
stretching or tearing of ligament that connects bone to bone (prescribe rest
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fracture
break in bone (control bleeding
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acute abdominal pain
general symptom that can be life-threatening (keep the patient NPO
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bleeding emergencies
can occur internally or externally (apply pressure
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burns
can be electrical
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choking
caused by obstruction of the airway
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diabetic emergencies
hyperglycemia-induced diabetic shock or hypoglycemia-induced insulin shock (administer insulin for diabetic coma or administer glucose for insulin shock)
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eye and ear injuries
caused by foreign bodies or trauma (limit contact
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seizures
can result from trauma or alterations in metabolism such as with fever (assist the patient to a lying position
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stroke
results from hypoxia in the brain usually due to a blood clot
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aphasia
inability to speak
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dysphasia
difficulty speaking
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signs of infection
redness and swelling around the site
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emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
2 rescue breaths
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cryosurgery
the process of exposing tissues to extreme cold temperatures to destroy cells using a canister of liquid nitrogen
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colposcopy
using an instrument to inspect the vaginal area and cervix or the uterus and deliver treatments or perform diagnostic testing using a colposcope
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electrosurgery
a pulse of electrical current is sent through tissue to cauterize (or burn) tissue
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toenail removal
the provider partially or completely removes a toenail spur that is causing an ingrown toenail