Alcohol

What is the prefix for OH

hydroxyl

Why do alcohols have higher melting points than alkanes

Because there is a dipole on the OH causing hydrogen bonds between the alcohol, which are stronger than the london forces

Alcohols solubility in water

Very soluble because the alcohol forms hydrogen bonds with the water, solubility decreases as chain length increases

How is a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol defined

How many carbons are attached to the carbon with the OH

What does the oxidation of primary alcohols form

Aldehydes and carboxylic acids

Conditions for alcohol forming aldehyde

Gentle heating under distillation with acidified potassium dichromate with an oxidising agent

Conditions for alcohol to carboxylic acid

Heated under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate and oxidising agent

Conditions for alcohol to ketone

Heated under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate and oxidisng agent

What is a dehydration reaction

When water is removed from an alcohol to make an alkene

Conditions for dehydration

Acid catalyst and heated under reflux

What reactants are required to make a haloalkane from an alcohol

Sulfuric acid, alcohol, and sodium halide (hydrogen halide is formed with sufuric acid and sodium halide)