Background in Psychology

PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY

came from the Greek word psyche which means the mind or soul and logos or study of.

SCIENCE

Focused upon the study and investigation of certain behavior with the application of one or a combination of scientific methods.

MENTAL PROCESSES

Includes forms of cognition, ways of knowing ( man’s perception, attention, and capability to remember, to reason, and to solve problems)

Behavior

◦response or action of an individual as matter of psychological study

◦actions and reactions of the individual when exposed or placed on a certain situation or environment

ANIMISM

it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man

DEMOCRITUS

theorized that the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system

Plato

-believed that the soul is distinct to man and it is God-given

Aristotle

Father of Psychology because he is the first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining the behavior of man.

Hippocrates

Father of the Medicine

First theorized that mental disorders arose from natural sources

First to classify different mental disorders during the classical period.

Galen

Theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors

Behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body or the bile

St. Augustine of Hippo

introduced the method of introspection.

St. Thomas Aquinas

belief that when the body dies, the soul separates and becomes a spirit

Rudolf Gockel

often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology”

Francis Bacon

that psychology should separate from philosophy

Rene Descartes

introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact.

Thomas Hobbes

discomforts/pains must be overcome human beings are physical objects and sophisticated machines whose functions and activities can be described and explained in purely mechanistic terms

John Locke

Tabula Rasa- mind Blank tablet/slate- that gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his entire life

George Berkeley

the idea of an individual becomes true only to himself because this is the level of knowledge that he believes in

Christian Von Wolff

had his theory of reality

David Hume

gave the difference between impressions and ideas, between created images and direct sensation

Franz Anton Mesmer

utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria, which evolved to hypnosis

Immanuel Kant

stated that the mind is not blank, but rather the mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences

Johann Friedrich Herbart

was responsible for making psychology a science

◦Ernst Weber

-pioneered areas about the ideas that is necessary to be stimulated in order to be able to gain sensation

◦Hermann von Helmholtz

-made the theory of color vision

Charles Darwin

-introduced the theory of evolution; introduced the concept of natural selection

◦Gustav Fechner

had an insight that the law of the connection between the mind and the body can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensation and material stimulus

Paul Broca

observed that the persons who suffered from damage to a specific area of the brain's left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently.

Wilhelm Wundt

established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany father of modern/scientific psychology- 1879

William James

founder of American Psychology, met with Wilhelm Wundt and went to publish a two volume book entitled, Principles of Psychology

Emil Kraeplin

first to formally describe bipolar behavior.

Father of Modern Psychiatry.

Edward Titchener

studied under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism

Sigmund Freud

father of psychoanalysis underwent a thorough study of the unconscious mind and developed the psychoanalytic process of free association

Carl Jung

developed his theory of the origin of neurosis. A neo freudian and established Analytic Psychology He gave emphasis on the importance of the collective unconscious as the basis of affect to behavior

Alfred Adler

conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affects man’s existence

Karen Horney

made a theory that human beings have the “basic need for love and security” she stated that humans tend to feel anxious or agitated when they are alienated or isolated

Karl Pearson

major contribution to psychology through the statistical evaluation of human behavior. Apart from correlational analysis, Pearson developed the chi-squared statistic with intellectual encouragement of Galton

Charles Spearman

“first systematic psychometrician” and father of classical test theory- pioneered the statistical technique called factor analysis and was able to discover a general factor(g) in correlations among mental tests

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

developed the First Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test

Ivan Pavlov

first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning

Edward Thorndike

“father of educational psychology” known for his early animal studies and the founding principle of Instrumental Learning, “The Law of Effect”

BF Skinner

Operant Conditioning, contributed the system of operant conditioning of which in the idea the organism is in the process of operating on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world, doing what it doe

William McDougall

he theorized that human behavior is determined by both instinctive and intentional strivings.