Iran [SLIDE BASED]

Constitutional Revolution (1905 - 1909)

Introduced direct elections, separation of powers, and a Bill of Rights in Iran, establishing Shiism as the official religion and creating the Guardian Council.

Pahlavi Dynasty (1925 - 1979)

Ruled by Reza Shah and later his son Muhammad Reza Shah, marked by authoritarianism, the formation of SAVAK, and a shift towards Westernization.

1953 Coup D’etat

Orchestrated by the CIA and MI6 to overthrow Prime Minister Mossadegh due to his nationalization of Iran's oil industry, leading to the Shah's reinstatement and authoritarian rule.

1979 Iranian Revolution

Triggered by economic hardships, US pressure, and Ayatollah Khomeini's influence, resulting in the founding of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the abolition of the monarchy.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

Current Supreme Leader of Iran since 1989, with powers to limit presidential candidates, dismiss the president, command armed forces, and appoint members of the Guardian Council.

Mohammad Mossadegh

Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, known for nationalizing Iran's oil industry and standing up to foreign intervention, leading to his arrest during the 1953 coup.

Changes in civil society

Suppressed under the Pahlavi dynasty, saw some loosening of restrictions under Khatami but faced crackdowns under Ahmadinejad, impacting freedom of speech and press.

Protests & Demonstrations

Various protests in Iran, including the 1999 student protests, 2009 Election Protests, and the killing of Neda Agha-Soltan, highlighting government crackdowns and societal responses.

Women in Iran

Progress in education and rights, with women able to vote since 1963 and hold seats in the Majlis, but still face restrictions in employment, dress code, and political candidacy.