lab exam 1

What is in the abdominal cavity?

Liver, spleen, stomach, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine

What is in the Cranial Cavity

Brain

What is in the Pelvic Cavity

Internal reproductive organs; urinary bladder

What is in the Thoracic Cavity

Lungs, mediastinum, heart

What is in the vertebral canal (Spinal Cavity)

spinal cord

Cardiovascular System

transports nutrients, wasters, and gases throughout the body

Digestive system

converts food molecules into absorbable forms

Endocrine system

main system that secretes hormones

Integumentary system

Provides an outer covering of body for protection

Lymphatic System

Transports excess fluid from tissues to blood

Muscular system

involves contractions and creates most body heat

Nervous system

Stimulates muscles to contract and interprets information from sensory organs

reproductive system

produces gametes (sperm and egg)

Respiratory system

exchanges gases between air and blood

skeletal system

provides a framework and support for soft tissues and produces blood cells in red marrow

Urinary System

removes liquid and wastes from blood and transports them to the outside of the body

antecubital

anterior region of elbow

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

buccal

cheek

carpal

wrist

cephalic

head

cervical

neck

crural

leg

cubital

posterior region of elbow

digital

finger or toe

genital

reproductive organs

gluteal

buttocks

inguinal

abdominal wall near thigh(groin)

lumbar

lower back

mammary

breasts

occipital

inferior posterior region of head

palmar

palm

pectoral

chest

pedal

foot

perineal

region between anus and reproductive organs

plantar

sole of foot

popliteal

posterior region of knee

sternal

middle of thorax

tarsal

ankle

superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

anterior

front of the body

posterior

toward the back

medial

toward the midline

proximal

Nearer to the trunk of the body

distal

away from the point of attachment

peripheral

away from the center

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

lateral

away from the midline

adjustment knob

causes stage to move upward or downward

arm

serves as a handle for carrying the microscope

condenser

concentrates light onto the specimen

eyepiece (ocular)

contains a lens at the top of the body tube

field of view

circular area seen through the eyepiece

iris diaphragm

increases or decreases light intensity

nosepiece

part to which the objective lenses are attached

objective lens system

after light passes through the specimen, it next enters this lens system

stage

platform that supports a microscope slide

stage clip

holds a microscope slide in position

chromatin

loosely coild fibers containing protein and DNA within nucleus

cytoplasm

occupies space between cell membrane and nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

composed of membrane-bound canals and sacs for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm

golgi apparatus

flattened, membranous sac that package a secretion

lysosome

membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes

microtubule

slender tubes that provide movement in cilia and flagella

mitochondrion

location of ATP production for cellular energy

nuclear envelope

separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm

nucleolus

dense body of RNA and protein within the nucleus

nucleus

spherical organelle that contains chroatin and nucleolus

ribosome

small RNA containing particles for the synthesis of protiens

vesicle

membranous sac that stores or transports substances

simple columnar epithelium

elongated cells with elongated nuclei located near basement membrane; forms lining of stomach and intestines

simple cuboidal epithelium

lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands

simple squamous epthelium

single layer of flattened cells; forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

commonly possesses cilia that move dust and mucus out of the respiratory airways; nuclei located at different levels within a single row of aligned cells; appear layered but are single layer;

stratified squamous epithelium

deeper cells cuboidal, or columnar; older cells flattened nearest the free surface; forms linging of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina

transitional epithelium

consists of several layers of cells, allowing an expandable lining; forms inner lining of urinary bladder

adipose tissue

functions as heat insulator beneath skin; provides stored energy supply in fat droplets in cytoplasm

areolar tissue

binds skin and fills spaces between organs

blood

contains large amounts of fluid and transports nutrients, wastes and gases

bone

cells in solid matrix arranged around central canal; matrix contains collagen fibers and mineral salts

dense connective tissue

main tissue of tendons and ligaments

elastic cartilage

forms framework of outer ear

elastic connective tissue

occurs in some ligament attachments between vertebrae and larger artery walls

fibrocartilage

pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

hyaline cartilage

forms the ends of many long bones

reticular connective tissue

forms supporting tissue in the walls of liver and spleen

connective tissues

bind structures together, provide support and protection, fill spaces, store fat and produce blood cells

epithelial tissue

covers the body external and internal surfaces and compose most glands

protect, filtration, secretion, and absorption

cell cycle phases

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Interphase

G1: growth
S: genetic material replicated
G2: growth again

Mitosis

Prophase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telephase:

prophase

chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelop dissolves, spindles start to form

metaphase

chromosomes align along the equator of cell

anaphase

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite parts of cell (guided by spindles)

Telophase

nuclear envelope begins to form around daughter nuclei; spindle disappears

Cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm into two cells
cleveage furrow

carpal

wrist