biology y8

biology

Respiration

Chemical reaction releasing energy in living organisms.

Aerobic respiration

Occurs in mitochondria; requires oxygen for energy.

Anaerobic respiration

Occurs in cytoplasm; does not require oxygen.

Glucose

Simple sugar used in respiration for energy.

Mitochondria

Cell organelles where aerobic respiration occurs.

Cytoplasm

Fluid inside cells where anaerobic respiration occurs.

Gas exchange

Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Alveolus

Site of gas exchange in the lungs.

Inhalation

Breathing in; diaphragm contracts, volume increases.

Exhalation

Breathing out; diaphragm relaxes, volume decreases.

Double circulatory system

Blood circulates twice through the heart per cycle.

Arteries

Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels carrying blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels connecting arteries and veins.

Blood composition

Includes plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

Plasma

Liquid component of blood carrying cells and nutrients.

Red blood cells

Cells transporting oxygen throughout the body.

White blood cells

Cells defending the body against infections.

Platelets

Cell fragments aiding in blood clotting.

Haemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen.

Heart rate

Number of heartbeats per minute, increases with exercise.

Exercise effect

Increases heart and breathing rates for energy supply.

Diffusion distance

Short distance for gas exchange in alveoli.

Concentration gradient

Difference in concentration aiding gas exchange efficiency.