Bio- Chapter 2

What was claimed about the characteristics of living things?

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Equilibrium, Excretion, Nutrition.

The Cell Theory

It states: 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest and most basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryote

An organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and is typically smaller than eukaryotes.

Eukaryote

An organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus.

Nucleus

It controls the cell by storing DNA and making proteins.

What ribosomes are made of

60% ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 40% protein.

Golgi apparatus

It modifies and packages proteins for export from the cell.

mitochondria

It converts glucose into energy (ATP).

function of chloroplasts

It was said that it converts light into energy (glucose).

lysosomes

Digesting (breaking down) cell waste and toxins.

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

Cilia

Short hair structures that help cells move or move fluids across their surface.

Flagella

Long whip-like structures that enable cell movement.

SA:V ratio

a measure of how efficiently a cell can exchange materials with its environment.

Cell Membrane

It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Vacuole

Fluid-filled space in cells used for storage of sugars, minerals, proteins, and water.

Cytosol

The fluid that surrounds organelles in the cell.