Bchm Exam 4- Glycolysis

First step of glycolysis

Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate

What is consumed in the first step of glycolysis

ATP (turns to ADP)

what is required for the hexokinase first step reaction

Mg2+

regulation of the first step of glycolysis

irreversible/regulated/exergonic

Enzyme of glycolysis first step

Hexokinase

What is a kinase reaction

the transfer of a phosphate to or from ATP

Second step of glycolysis

Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate

how is the molecule changed in the second step of glycolysis

aldose to ketose

regulation of the second step of glycolysis

reversible/endergonic

enzyme of glycolysis second step

phosphoglucose isomerase

Third step of glycolysis

Fructose-6-phosphate —> Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

what is consumed during the third step of glycolysis

ATP (turns to ADP)

what is the enzyme of the third step of glycolysis

phosphofructokinase (PFK1)

regulation of the third step of glycolysis

regulated/irreversible/exergonic

what is important about the third step of glycolysis

rate-limiting

how is PFK1 regulated

fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

made by PFK2, it binds to PFK1 which increases PFK1’s affinity for Fructose-6-phosphate (creating for Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate)

Fourth step of glycolysis

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

what kind of molecule is dihydroxyacetone phosphate

ketose

what kind of molecule is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

aldose

regulation of the fourth step of glycolysis

reversible/endergonic

what is the enzyme for the fourth step of glycolysis

aldolase

fifth step of glycolysis

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate —> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

regulation of the fifth step of glycolysis

reversible/endergonic

what enzyme is used for the fifth step of glycolysis

triose phosphate isomerase

sixth step of glycolysis

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate —> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

what is the enzyme for the sixth step of glycolysis

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

what is created during the sixth step of glycolysis

2 NADH

what kind of reaction occured when NADH was created during the sixth step of glycolysis

reduction: NAD+ to NADH

seventh step of glycolysis

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate —> 3-phosphoglycerate

what is created during the seventh step of glycolysis

2 ATP (made from 2 ADP)

what is the enzyme of the seventh step of glycolysis

phosphoglycerate kinase

eighth step of glycolysis

3-phosphoglycerate —> 2-phosphoglycerate

what is the enzyme of the eighth step of glycolysis

phosphoglycerate mutase

regulation of eighth step of glycolysis

reversible/endergonic

ninth step of glycolysis

2-phosphoglycerate —> phosphoenolpyruvate

what is the enzyme of the ninth step of glycolysis

enolase

regulation of the ninth step of glycolysis

reversible/endergonic

tenth step of glycolysis

phosphoenolpyruvate —> pyruvate

what is the enzyme of tenth step of glycolysis

pyruvate kinase

what is created in the tenth step of glycolysis

2 ATP (made from 2 ADP)

regulation of the tenth step of glycolysis

irreverible/regulated/exergonic

what is important to remember about steps 6-10

they each happen twice

net products of glycolysis

2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP (4 made but 2 consumed), 2 NADH

under what conditions does glycolysis occur

anaerobic (no oxygen)

which steps of glycolysis are regulated

steps 1,3,10