Enzymes Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on Enzymes lecture notes.

Potential Energy

The type of energy that is stored and is available to do work. Chemical bonds are an example.

First Law of Thermodynamics

energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

NAD+

electron transporter derived from niacin.

Non-Competitive Inhibition

a molecule binds to a site other than the active site thus changing the structure of the active site prohibiting the binding of the substrate.

What suffix do most enzymes have?

-ase

What blocks enzyme activity by blocking the active site of specific enzymes? Give an example.

Enzyme inhibitors (e.g., Penicillin)

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

They denature, which changes the shape of the active site and prevents proper substrate binding.

What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction?

They reduce the amount of activation energy required to initiate the reaction.

What is a metabolic pathway?

A series of chemical reactions organized into chains or cycles, catalyzed by enzymes.

What is a coenzyme?

A non-protein chemical compound bound tightly to an enzyme, essential for catalysis.

What kind of reaction releases energy, where the products have less energy than the reactants?

An exergonic reaction

What type of inhibition involves a molecule binding to the active site, competing with the substrate?

Competitive inhibition

What is activation energy?

The energy reactants must absorb to initiate a reaction.

Are enzymes reusable?

Yes

What primary structure do most enzymes have?

Proteins with a pocket or cleft on their surface, called an active site.

At what temperature do enzymes function in humans?

Approximately 37 degrees Celsius.

What happens if a molecule, atom, or ion loses an electron?

It is oxidized.

What is potential energy?

Energy that is stored and available to do work (e.g., chemical bonds).

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

What is NAD+?

An electron transporter derived from niacin.

What type of inhibition involves a molecule binding to a site other than the active site, changing the structure of the active site?

Non-competitive inhibition

What does ΔG represent?

Amount of energy in a system available to do useful work at a constant temperature and pressure.