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Enzymes Lecture Review

Energy and Enzyme Study Questions

Enzyme Terminology & Function

  • Suffix of Enzymes: Most enzymes end with the suffix "-ase".

  • Enzyme Inhibitors:

    • Certain substances block enzyme activity by blocking the active site of specific enzymes. An example of this is Penicillin.

  • Enzyme Denaturation:

    • At high temperatures, enzymes denature. This denaturation involves a change in the shape of the active site, preventing it from properly binding the substrate.

Thermodynamics of Reactions

  • Thermodynamic Properties of Polysaccharide Formation:

    • When monosaccharides are linked to form a polysaccharide, the correct change in thermodynamic properties involves considering the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG\Delta G$$\Delta G$$).

  • Enzyme Function:

    • Enzymes function by reducing the amount of activation energy required to initiate a chemical reaction within a cell.

  • Metabolic Pathways:

    • A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions organized into chains or cycles, catalyzed by enzymes.

  • Coenzymes:

    • A coenzyme is a non-protein chemical compound bound tightly to an enzyme, essential for catalysis.

  • Exergonic Reactions:

    • A reaction that releases energy, where the products have less energy than the reactants, is called an exergonic reaction.

  • Competitive Inhibition:

    • In competitive inhibition, a molecule binds to the active site, competing with the substrate for the active site.

  • Activation Energy:

    • The reactants must absorb a certain amount of energy to initiate a reaction; this energy is called activation energy.

  • Enzyme Reusability:

    • Enzymes are reusable.

  • Enzyme Structure:

    • Most enzymes are proteins with a pocket or cleft on their surface, called an active site.

  • Human Enzyme Function Temperature:

    • In humans, all enzymes function at approximately 37 degrees Celsius.

  • Oxidation:

    • If a molecule, atom, or ion loses an electron, it is said to be oxidized.

  • Potential Energy:

    • The type of energy that is stored and available to do work is called potential energy. Chemical bonds exemplify potential energy.

Laws of Thermodynamics & Biochemicals

  • First Law of Thermodynamics:

    • The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

  • Electron Transporter:

    • NAD+ is an electron transporter derived from niacin.

  • Non-Competitive Inhibition:

    • In non-competitive inhibition, a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the structure of the active site and preventing substrate binding.

  • Gibbs Free Energy:

    • ΔGΔG$$ΔG$$ represents the change in Gibbs free energy from a chemical reaction.

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Enzymes Lecture Review

Energy and Enzyme Study Questions

Enzyme Terminology & Function

  • Suffix of Enzymes: Most enzymes end with the suffix "-ase".

  • Enzyme Inhibitors:

    • Certain substances block enzyme activity by blocking the active site of specific enzymes. An example of this is Penicillin.

  • Enzyme Denaturation:

    • At high temperatures, enzymes denature. This denaturation involves a change in the shape of the active site, preventing it from properly binding the substrate.

Thermodynamics of Reactions

  • Thermodynamic Properties of Polysaccharide Formation:

    • When monosaccharides are linked to form a polysaccharide, the correct change in thermodynamic properties involves considering the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG\Delta G).

  • Enzyme Function:

    • Enzymes function by reducing the amount of activation energy required to initiate a chemical reaction within a cell.

  • Metabolic Pathways:

    • A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions organized into chains or cycles, catalyzed by enzymes.

  • Coenzymes:

    • A coenzyme is a non-protein chemical compound bound tightly to an enzyme, essential for catalysis.

  • Exergonic Reactions:

    • A reaction that releases energy, where the products have less energy than the reactants, is called an exergonic reaction.

  • Competitive Inhibition:

    • In competitive inhibition, a molecule binds to the active site, competing with the substrate for the active site.

  • Activation Energy:

    • The reactants must absorb a certain amount of energy to initiate a reaction; this energy is called activation energy.

  • Enzyme Reusability:

    • Enzymes are reusable.

  • Enzyme Structure:

    • Most enzymes are proteins with a pocket or cleft on their surface, called an active site.

  • Human Enzyme Function Temperature:

    • In humans, all enzymes function at approximately 37 degrees Celsius.

  • Oxidation:

    • If a molecule, atom, or ion loses an electron, it is said to be oxidized.

  • Potential Energy:

    • The type of energy that is stored and available to do work is called potential energy. Chemical bonds exemplify potential energy.

Laws of Thermodynamics & Biochemicals

  • First Law of Thermodynamics:

    • The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

  • Electron Transporter:

    • NAD+ is an electron transporter derived from niacin.

  • Non-Competitive Inhibition:

    • In non-competitive inhibition, a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the structure of the active site and preventing substrate binding.

  • Gibbs Free Energy:

    • ΔGΔG represents the change in Gibbs free energy from a chemical reaction.

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