Chapter 5 Blood. Lymph, and Immune

Compilation of Grisso's Chapter 5 quizlets.

circulatory system

consists of your heart, blood vessels, blood, lymphatic glands and vessels, and lymph.

blood cells

also called formed elements

plasma

Liquid part of blood. contains-water, hormones, proteins, sugar, salts and waste products

formed elements

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

erythrocytes

red blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells

thrombocytes

platelets

hemoglobin

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that allows RBC's to carry oxygen for delivery to cells

polymorphonuclear

pertaining to a nucleus with many shapes or forms

granulocytes

A group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

agranulocytes

A group of leukocytes without granules in their cytoplasm; lymphocytes, monocytes.

neutrophils

Cells that destroy pathogens by eating or swallow them (aka-phagocytes). Ingest foreign substances

eosinophils

secrete chemicals to attack disease causing parasites. These cells also respond during allergic reactions

basophils

release histamine and heparin creating an inflammatory response

lymphocytes

white blood cell; involved in immune surveillance to detect and destroy foreign cells

monocytes

single nucleus phagocyte that ingests and disposes of dead or dying tissues

megakaryocyte

a large bone marrow cell with very large nuclei from which platelets are derived. platelets are cell fragments from these large cells

albumin

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

globulin

makes up a large portion of plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

antigen

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

antibody

A protein that acts against a specific antigen

fibrinogen

a key plasma protein involved in blood clotting; it creates "bridges" between blood platelets

prothrombin

protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process

right lymphatic duct

drains lymph from the right upper arm and right side of head and thorax

thoracic duct

drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

lymph nodes

small bean-shaped structures that filter foreign substances from lymph before it returns to the blood. They function as a site of T and B cell activation

tonsils

form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system locate in the back of the oropharynx

lingual, adenoids and palatine

masses of lymphatic tissue arranged around the oropharynx to trap pathogens that enter the mouth and nose

thymus

located in the mediastinum, this organ secretes thymosin-which stimulates bone marrow to manufacture T lymphocytes (T cells)

spleen

An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores thrombocytes, acts as a reservoir for blood and destroys old blood cells. controls the amount of blood in the body

liver

filters blood, involved in digestion (bile), and is a storehouse for healthy erythrocytes

Peyer's patches

small collections of lymphatic tissue found in the wall (submucosa) of the small intestine to protect against harmful invaders that enter through the digestive tract

immunity

the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

T lymphocytes (T cells)

made in the bone marrow; act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

B lymphocytes (B cells)

specialized immune cell that transforms into plasma cells in response to an antigen; they then produce specific antibodies (immunoglobulins) that target the antigen

natural immunity

Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. protects against pathogens in general

acquired immunity

Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.

agglutin/o

clumping; sticking together

angi/o

vessel (blood)

arteri/o, arter/o

artery

hem/o, hem/a, hemat/o

blood

phleb/o

vein

thromb/o

clot

a-, an-

not, without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dia-

through; complete

epi-

on; over; upon

echo-

a reflected sound wave

em-

in

endo-

in; within

hyper-

above, above normal; excessive

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

peri-

around, surrounding

trans-

across

ac-, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-ation

process, condition

-ant

substance that promotes

-e

noun suffix with no meaning

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emic

pertaining to blood condition

-gram

record; image

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-in, -ine

chemical; chemical compound; substance

-itis

inflammation

-ism

process, condition

-ive

substance that promotes

-lytic

pertaining to breakdown or destruction

-meter

measure

-osis

abnormal condition

-or

one who (or something) that takes action or does something

-plasty

surgical repair

-sclerosis

hardening; thickening

-stenosis

narrowing, tightening

-stomy

surgical opening

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

arteriol/o

arteriole (small artery)

per-

through

ather/o

plaque, fatty build up

tachy-

fast

bol/o

to cast (throw)

cardi/o

heart

coagul/o

coagulation (clotting)

constrict/o

narrowing

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

dilat/o

to enlarge, expand

electr/o

electricity

lumin/o

light

my/o

muscle

pulmon/o

lung

rhythm/o

rhythm; heartbeat

sept/o

wall, partition

son/o

sound

sphygm/o

pulse

systol/o

contraction

tens/o

stretched; strained

tom/o

to cut

vas/o

vessel, duct