Urinalysis Practice Questions

MLS 4510

What do hydrogen ions primarily combine with to maintain buffering capacity of blood?

Filtered bicarbonate ions

What are the primary substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion?

Protein-bound substances, hydrogen, potassium

The glomerular filtrate is best described as:

Protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma

Production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is controlled by:

State of body hydration

Total renal blood flow is approximately:

1200 mL/min

Total renal plasma flow is approximately:

600 mL/min

Which of the following comes first?

Afferent arteriole

Where does aldosterone regulate sodium reabsorption?

Distal convoluted tubule

What is the primary ion affected by RAAS?

Sodium

Increased production of aldosterone causes:

Increased plasma sodium levels

What is the specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate?

1.010

Renin is produced by the kidney…

In response to low plasma sodium levels

Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except:

Ascending loop of Henle

The ideal urine sample volume is…

50 mL

What is defined as low urine output?

Oliguria

Which of the following is the ideal specimen when testing for a solute with diurnal variation?

24-hour specimen

The specific gravity of someone with diabetes mellitus is usually:

High

The specific gravity of someone with diabetes insipidus is usually:

Low

Urine is defined as:

An ultra-filtrate of plasma continuously formed by the kidneys

An unrefrigerated, unpreserved urine specimen should be tested within:

2 hours

The pseudoperoxidase reaction is the principle for the reagent strip test of:

Blood

Postrenal proteinuria may be caused by which of the following:

Prostatitis

Urine osmolality is affected only by which of the following?

Number of particles present

Which is the following compounds reacts with glucose to product the reagent strip result?

Glucose oxidase

Refractive index compares:

Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions

The protein section of the reagent strip is most sensitive to:

Albumin

A student is having difficulty interpreting the reagent strip color reactions on a thick orange urine specimen. What is the probable cause?

Phenazopyridine

What reagent strip pad is most strongly associated with renal disease?

Protein

Urobilinogen is formed from:

Reduction of bilirubin by intestinal bacteria

Specimens that contain intact RBCs can be visually distinguished from specimens that contain just hemoglobin or myoglobin because:

Intact RBCs produce a cloudy specimen

A urine specimen with a oh of 9.0 indicates the patient should be:

Asked to collect a new specimen

A clinically significant cause of turbid specimens is:

Lipids

Which of the following will be detected by the reagent strip nitrite reaction?

E. coli

The chemical principle of the reagent strip test for bilirubin is that bilirubin:

Combines with a diazonium salt to form a colored complex

A urine specimen that tests positive for ketones and negative for glucose in most indicative of:

Starvation