chapter 9 biol psyc

What brain area is considered the “master area” for control of appetite?

 

Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus

How does eating more carbohydrates increase tryptophan in the brain?

Increased insulin removes phenylalanine from circulation.

The mechanisms that regulate body temperature depend mainly on which brain area?

Hypothalamus

Mothers who eat much seafood during pregnancy tend to:

have children who perform better on tests of cognitive ability

Is a fever helpful in any way? If so, what?

Yes, a fever inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Your body burns more than half of its fuel for what function?

Maintaining body temperature

If Sharita had damage to her POA/AH, what would happen to her body temperature?

She would rely mostly on behavioral mechanisms to control temperature.

Distension of the duodenum releases which hormone?

Cholecystokinin

When the immune system produces prostaglandins and histamines, what happens?

You develop a fever.

The drug that is most effective for weight control binds to receptors for what chemical?

Glucagon-like protein 1

What causes the adrenal glands to release more of the hormone aldosterone?

Sodium deficiency

Why is untreated diabetes associated with increased hunger?

Not enough glucose is entering the cells.

What is ordinarily the main signal to end a meal?

Distension of the stomach

Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus produces what effect?

More frequent meals

What causes hypovolemic thirst?

 

Low blood volume

How does CCK induce satiety in the hypothalamus?

It stimulates neurons to release a chemical similar to CCK itself.

When your body is low on water, what does vasopressin do?

It makes urine more concentrated.

Adding salt to the body’s extracellular fluids would have what effect?

 

Increased osmotic thirst

The tendency of water to flow toward an area of higher solute concentration is called what?

Osmotic pressure

What is the only physiological mechanism for cooling the body?

Evaporation