Lesson 1 Division of the Nervous System/Neurons

CSD380

Two major structural components of the nervous system

Central & Peripheral

Two major functions of the nervous system

Autonomic & Somatic

The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of what?

Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, & brain stem), and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of what?

Cranial, spinal, & sensory nerves

Involuntary bodily functions that also help maintain homeostasis

Autonomic

Conscious, voluntary bodily functions that control all skeletal muscles

Somatic

Autonomic can be divided further into…

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Active during times of rest.

Return to resting state.

Parasympathetic

Fight or flight response during stressful situations.

Sympathetic

Somatic nervous system can divide further into…

Pyramidal (Direct) & Extrapyramidal System

Largely responsible for the initiation of voluntary motor acts.

Pyramidal System (Direct)

Responsible for the background tone and movement supporting the primary acts.

Extrapyramidal System (Indirect)

A

Nervous System

B

Central Nervous System

C

Peripheral Nervous System

D

Brain

E

Spinal Cord

F

Somatic Nervous System

G

Autonomic Nervous System

H

Sympathetic Nervous System

I

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Cell Body/Soma

B

Dendrite

C

Axon

D

Axon Hillock

E

Node of Ranvier

F

Myelin Sheath

G

Telodendria/ Axon Branches

H

Terminal End Buttons

A

Neurotransmitters

B

Synaptic Vesicles

C

Synaptic Cleft

D

Dendrite

E

Receptor Site

E

Oligodendrocyte

CNS support tissue is…

Glial cells

Name all 4 glial cells

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, microglia, & ependymal cells

What is the function of the astrocytes?

Regulating blood-brain barrier

What is the function of the oligodendrocytes?

Generates myelin

What is the function of the microglia?

Immune support & phagocytosis (destroys foreign substances)

What is the function of the ependymal cell?

Is the wall of the ventricle and supports with cerebrospinal fluid.

What two cells support tissues in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann & satellite cells

What is the function of the Schwann cells?

Form myelin sheath & guide regrowth of damage axons

What is the function of the satellite cells?

Enclose the cell body & regulate internal environment of cell body.

Chemical compounds responsible for activating next neuron.

Neurotransmitters

Facilitates firing of neuron (respond to stimulation)

Excitation

Inhibits firing of neuron (respond to stimulation)

Inhibition