CH 10 life spam

Self-Understanding

Knowing your own thoughts, feelings, and personality.

Identity

A clear sense of who you are

Adolescents mainly focus on:

• self-understanding

• finding an identity

To achieve this, they may explore ________ selves.

possible

Possible selves help adolescents imagine….

who they might become in the future

possible selves

various intellectual fantasies about who they might become

Possible selves might be A________, P________, or E________.

acceptable, pleasing, experimental

According to Erikson, the adolescent stage is called ________ vs. ________.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson believed that the main challenge of adolescence is developing a clear sense of ________ instead of confusion about one’s role.

Identity

What is the main goal of adolescence according to Erikson?

Identity achievement

How many possible identity outcomes are there?

Five

Identity achievement involves forming your own ________ and ________.

goal;values

In _____achievement, adolescents both let go of and keep parts of their ________’ influence.

identity ;parents

What is foreclosure

Settling on an identity prematurely

Give one example of foreclosure

Taking over the family business / becoming what parents want

What is negative identity?

Choosing an identity that goes against expectations

Negative identity is mainly driven by ________

defiance

The important factor in negative identity is not the choice, but the ________ behind it.

defiance

negative identity examples

Minister’s child =

prostitute

What is identity diffusion?

Lack of identity, goals, or direction

Identity diffusion includes having few C_____, G_____, or V______

commitments, goals, values

A person with no motivation or direction (a “slacker”) shows identity___

diffusion

What is identity moratorium?

Delaying decisions about identity

Identity moratorium is like taking a “________-out.

time

Identity Moratorium»»

postponing decisions

Name one example of identity moratorium.

College / military / mission work / Peace Corps

Which identity status involves rebellion against family expectations?

Negative identity

Which identity status involves no commitment or passion?

Identity diffusion

Which identity status is considered the healthiest outcome?

Identity achievement

The five identity outcomes are:

identity achievement, foreclosure, negative identity, identity diffusion, identity moratorium

Identity can be achieved:

in one area but not others

Identity can be achieved: in one area but not others EXAMPLE

know sexual identity but not yet political of vocational identity

Identity is formed “From within”

this is one’s true self

Identity is formed “From without”

in response to social forces

Gender Identity is»»»

a person’s self-identification as male, female, or other

Gender identity is not:

a person’s biological sex

when they see themselves as different….

Ethnic Identity is important

Rite of Passage

marks the transition from childhood to adulthood

Rite of Passage examples in the US

can buy alcohol, get married

Rite of Passage examples in other cultures

circumcision

Crocodile people is an example of…

Rite of Passage

Emotional problems can result in

Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Internalizing Problems

direct feelings inward

Externalizing Problems

direct feelings outward

Internalizing Problems can led

• a. depression

• b. eating disorders

• c. self-mutilation

• d. overuse of sedative drugs

• e. clinical depression

• f. suicide

Externalizing Problems can led

a. injury to others

b. destroy property

c. defy authority

Both of these types:

can increase in adolescence

From 6 to 18 years of age people feel:

Less competent every year

From 6 to 18 years of age people feel:

Less competent every year

Why?

• self-awareness

• comparison with others

Depression can ______ in adolescence

increase

Suicidal Ideation is _____in high school

common

Suicidal Ideation most attempts ____ end in death

do not

Parasuicide refers to

self-destructive behaviors where the intent to die is not clear or present

Using "________" emphasizes the need for understanding and support rather than judgment.

parasuiside

The term parasuiside is considered preferable to "attempted suicide" or "failed suicide" because….

it avoids implying intent and acknowledges the complexities of self-harming actions

Those who do self-destructive acts are:

1) Confused

2) Have extreme emotional agitation

Factors which help determine if adolescents will kill themselves:

• availability of guns

• parental supervision

• alcohol and drug use

• being male

• cultural attitudes

Since 1960 Suicide has______ in North America and Europe

DOUBLED

What time period does the “doubling” of suicide rates refer to?

1960

Name one substance‑related factor that likely contributed to the rise in suicides

Increased use of drugs and alcohol

How might greater availability of firearms affect suicide rates?

Easier access to guns increases the likelihood of lethal suicide attempts, contributing to higher overall rates

• More drugs and alcohol

• More availability of guns

• Less parental supervision

factor that likely contributed to the rise in suicides

are more likely to kill themselves

males

more likely to try

females

Cluster Suicides

same group, brief period of time

Arrest rates are highest during the ________ years

teens

Boys are about ________ times more likely to be arrested than girls.

3

Black adolescents are about ________ times more likely to be arrested than ______ adolescents

3;Euro/American

White Euro/American adolescents are about ________ times more likely to be arrested than _____American adolescents.

3,Asian

Arrest rates follow a pattern where ________ adolescents have higher rates than Euro/Americans.

blacks

Which group has the lowest arrest rates?

Asian-Americans

Adolescent-limited offenders: crimes stop by age ____years

21

Life-course Persistent offenders:

become career criminals

dolescents who become career criminals tend to engage in sex and ________ drugs earlier.

gateway

Career criminals are usually the ________ involved in school activities

least

What type of peers do future career criminals often associate with?

Older, lawbreaking youths

These individuals tend to show ________ behavior as early as preschool and elementary school.

antisocial

At what age do signs of future criminal behavior often begin?

Preschool or elementary school

Early signs may include ________ difficulties.

language

Another early sign is ________ (difficulty staying still or focused).

hyperactivity

Career criminals often show poor ________ control.

emotional

What are two early brain-related warning signs?

Language difficulties and hyperactivity

Intervention can stop criminal behavior:

• a) a cohesive neighborhood

• b) effective school

• c) supportive peer group

• d) stable family life

• e) best friend who discourages crime

Generation Gap

the distance between generations in values, behaviors, and knowledge

mutual lack of understanding between generations

Generation Gap

Generational Stake

the need for each generation to see things from their point of view

Generational Stake: examples

• curfew

• parents vs. kids view

Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Parent-adolescent conflict is more common in ________ adolescence

early

Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Conflict is more common between ________ and early-maturing daughters

mothers

Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Adolescents tend to have more conflict with ________ than fathers

mothers

Parent–Adolescent Conflict

In some cultures (like Chinese, Korean, Mexican-American), conflict tends to happen ________

later

Parent–Adolescent Conflict

These cultures emphasize a ________ family.

close

Friendship

What are the two key qualities of strong friendships in adolescence?

Intimacy and trust

Friendship

The most important traits in adolescent friendships are ________ and ________

intimacy, trust

Friendship

Most adolescent friends share similar ________ and ________.

values, interests

Peer Pressure

Peer pressure is often ________

exaggerated

Peer Pressure

True or False: Peer pressure is always negative.

false

Heterosexual Involvement (4 Steps)

The first stage is a group of ________-sex friends.

same

Heterosexual Involvement (4 Steps)

The second stage is ________ public interaction between groups

loose