Differential Reinforcement: Ch 22 Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, definitions, and types of Differential Reinforcement (DR), including DRA, DRI, DRO, and DRL, based on Cooper, Heron, & Heward, Chapter 22.

Differential Reinforcement (DR)

A common and effective intervention technique where reinforcement (SR) is given for one desired behavior and withheld for another undesired behavior, reducing side effects of extinction.

DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior)

A procedure where reinforcement (SR) is provided for an appropriate alternative behavior (R) while extinction (EXT) is applied to the problem behavior (R).

DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior)

A sub-class of DRA where reinforcement (SR) is provided for a behavior (R) that cannot be performed simultaneously with the target problem behavior, meaning the appropriate and problem behaviors are mutually exclusive.

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

An application of DRA procedures, typically used to teach individuals to use an appropriate communicative response to obtain a reinforcer that previously maintained a problem behavior.

DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior)

A procedure where reinforcement (SR) is delivered for the absence of a specific problem behavior during a defined interval of time.

Fixed-Interval DRO (FI-DRO)

A schedule of DRO where reinforcement is delivered if the problem behavior has not occurred during a fixed interval of time, and the interval resets if the behavior occurs.

Fixed-Momentary DRO (FM-DRO)

A schedule of DRO where reinforcement is delivered if the problem behavior is absent at the specific moment the fixed interval ends.

Variable-Interval DRO (VI-DRO)

A schedule of DRO where reinforcement is delivered if the problem behavior has not occurred during a variable, unpredictable interval of time, and the interval resets if the behavior occurs.

Variable-Momentary DRO (VM-DRO)

A schedule of DRO where reinforcement is delivered if the problem behavior is absent at the specific moment an unpredictable, variable interval ends. It is effective, less effortful, and offers a higher reinforcement rate.

Mean IRT (Interresponse Time)

Calculated as the duration of baseline (in seconds) divided by the number of responses in baseline, used to set appropriate initial DRO intervals.

DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate behavior)

A procedure where reinforcement (SR) is delivered when a behavior occurs infrequently, best applied to decrease appropriate behaviors that occur too often.

Full-session DRL

A DRL schedule where reinforcement (SR) is delivered at the end of a session if the number of target responses observed is less than a predetermined criterion (X).

Interval DRL

A DRL schedule where reinforcement (SR) is delivered at the end of a specified interval if the number of target responses observed within that interval is less than a predetermined criterion (X).

Spaced-responding DRL

A DRL schedule where reinforcement (SR) is delivered following a behavior only if a minimum amount of time (X) has passed since the last occurrence of that behavior.