AP HUG U2 review

Arithmetic density

Total population/entire land mass (includes inhabitable and non arable), shows how many people live on each unit of land, higher the # the more need for food and services a country needs

Agricultural density

Amount of farmers/total arable land, shows how advanced the technology is/how efficient the society is at producing food, higher the # the more manual labor which means less effective agricultural practices

Physiological density

Total population/total arable land, shows how much food we need to produce and measure the number of ppl per arable land, higher the # the more food we need to produce which can lead to importing food from others due to overusing the land

Four major population clusters

South, East and Southeast Asia, and Europe

Carrying capacity

The number of people that can be supported without damaging the environment

Sex ratio

Male births/female births

Dependency ratio

the percentage of people who are too young or old to work

CBR

total number of live births for every 1000

CDR

total number of deaths for every 1000

NIR

CBR-CDR

Doubling time

the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size

TFR

the average number of children a women will have

Epidemiologic Transition Model

Stage 1: Famine and disease

Stage 2: Fewer deaths and receding pandemics

Stage 3: Degenerative diseases

Stage 4: Fighting degenerative diseases

Stage 5: Resurgence of infectious disease

Arithmetic growth

Increases by a constant number

Exponential growth

Compounded causing a spike in numbers

Neo-malthusian

Still believes Malthus’ theory but have expanded their theory to include all natural resources

Ravenstein’s laws of migration

Migration happens for economic reasons

Migrants travel short distances in step migration, moving from rural to urban areas

Whenever migration happens, a counterstream is created

Can lead to an increased economic development

Gravity model

Shows the likelihood that a place will interact with another place, factors in the size and distance from the other place

Centripetal forces in a society

Less taxes, variety of goods, better government, stability, healthcare, education, good climate

Centrifugal forces in a society

lack of jobs, political and religious persecution, natural disasters

IDP

A person forced to leave their home but did not cross a state border

Remittance

Money an immigrant sends back to their family residing in their home country

Transnational Migration

A migrant emigrates from their home country to another country but remains connected to their origin

Chain Migration

When a legal immigrant becomes a citizen and sponsors a family member to immigrate to the country

Transhumance Migration

Revolves around the seasonal movement of livestock

IntRAregional migration

Migration within the same region

IntERregional migration

moves from one region of a country to another region

Brain drain

When skilled labor leaves an area in favor of another area that offers more opportunities

Acculturation

Adopting various cultural traits of and modifying the original culture

Assimilation

Adopting a new culture with the loss of the original culture

Ecumene

Land that is permanently populated by human society