Studied by 1 person
The Blitz
Sept 1940 - May 1941
Purpose: To destroy British morale and make Churchill sign for peace
Outcome: A critical mistake of the Nazis. By focusing on civilians, the RAF were able to regroup and exhaust the Luftwaffe until Hitler gave up.
Significances: Radar was a huge advantage in helping the RAF throughout this battle. This marks the first major defeat for the Nazis.
What is anti-Semitism?
Prejudice against Jews
R.A.F/Luftwaffe
RAF: royal Air Force (Britain) Luftwaffe: German airforce
Radar
In the Battle of Britain, Britain used Radars that gave away enemy locations, communicated, and predicted attacks. Allowed for Luftwaffe to fail
Holocaust (definition and significance of the term. Include any important dates)
(1933-1945) Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany carried out systematic persecution and murder of Europe’s Jews.
3 Types of Planes Used in Battle of Britain
Fighter: Fast, used to fight other planes Bomber: Slow, dropped bombs Transport: carried supplies and troops
Manhattan Project
Project to build atomic bombs made by Roosevelt (U.S Pres)
Internment - Japanese
In Canada, Japanese people were viewed as enemies because of the attack on Pearl harbour. Japanese Canadians were fired from their jobs (ex. Canadian pacific railway), fishing boards were seized, radios confiscated (government worried about spies). Japanese stores and homes were destroyed.
Japanese men taken to internment camps where they had to work.
Nagasaki/Hiroshima
(war in the pacific) The two bombs that the U.S dropped on Japan. Hiroshima dropped on Aug 6, 1945 and Nagasaki dropped aug 9
Lebensraum
Hitler’s belief in a German “living space”, which was one of his reasons for invading the USSR
-envisioned the German/Aryan race to expand into the space currently occupied by the USSR. -eliminate everyone that did not fit this view. This includes Jews, but it also includes the destruction of many other ethnic minorities.
Kristallnacht (what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
Night of the broken glass - (Nov 9-10 1938) Nazis spread anti-Jewish violence across Germany
When did the Battle of France take place (start and end)?
May 10, 1940 - June 25 1940
Battle of France (Know Canada’s role, what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
After Germany took over Belgium, they attacked France along the Belgium border.
French fortifications were weaker in that area
France developed a series of tunnels on their border with Germany called the Maginot Line in order to defend itself.
OUTCOME: France surrenders in just 3 weeks, Armistice signed on June 1940, Germany established anti-Jewish policies and laws in all countries they conquered.
Significance: Morale dropped everywhere because France (big power) surrendered, led to Dunkirk Evacuation
When did the dunkirk evacuation start? What was it called
Early June, 1940 || Operation Dynamo
Dunkirk (Know Canada’s role, what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
French troops in the north of France gets trapped and surrounded
The Germans stalled the attack to finish them off (worried about a counterattack, their army was stretched thin so they needed to rest and wait for reinforcements.)
In the 3 days that followed, a rescue mission occurred where over Ships from England, including fishermen boats would travel back and forth to evacuate the soldiers.
The Royal Canadian Navy had ships ready to save and fight the Germans.
(Battle of Britain) What were Hitler's 3 steps for taking over Britain
--- Air: weaken the R.A.F -- Water: Attack the british coast -- Land: Deploy Panzer Tanks to control the land
(Luftwaffe vs. the R.A.F ) The B.O.B was the first instance of battle fought through aerial warfare.
Battle of Britain (Know what happened, and the significance)
Luftwaffe flew across the English Channel and began attacking British radar towers and airfields (Hitler wanted radar towers destroyed, Luftwaffe engaged in dogfights with R.A.F)
London Bombing
Luftwaffe accidentally bombs London - civilians killed
England responds by bombing Berlin (German capital)
Hitler wanted to terrorize the British into submission by continuing to bomb London
Allowed the R.A.F to regroup and regain strength
(Battle of Britain) why did the Luftwaffe lose?
British had radars Gave away enemy positions, communicate, coordinate, and readjust. Luftwaffe no longer surprising - shoot it down before it could reach target
Hitler redirected his tactics to bomb London Wanted to terrorize the British into submission -R.A.F used the distracted to regain power
When did Hitler give up his offences
oct 31, 1940
Operation Barbarossa (Know Canada’s role, what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
Germany attacks the USSR, Hitler refuses to retreat even though the USSR were winning
OUTCOME: Hitler lost the battle
He splits his forces: half took the oil refineries and oil fields outside the city
Low morale, tired and divided soldiers. and winter (again) all contributed to the loss
SIGNIFICANCE: Deadliest and largest battle in history
Hitler didn’t have the numbers to win against Allied invasions on the Western front.
(Operation Barbarossa) Why did Hitler betray USSR
Lebensraum - Wanted USSR land (Viewed “living space” for Germans, dominate everything else, Saw Russia and Communism as Jewish, threat to Aryan world)
Wanted natural resources (esp oil for machines and fuel, grow military, )
(Operation Barbarossa) Why did Germany lose?
Attacking too close to winter
Equipment broke down in the cold, fuel frozen
USSR used “scorched earth” tactics when retreating
Destroying surroundings, burning down houses, animals, trees, so by the time German’s get to the land, they have nothing.
Stalingrad (date, Know Canada’s role, what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
Aug 23 1942 : After failing at Moscow, Germans tried to take Stalingrad
Dieppe (dates, Know Canada’s role, what happened, the outcome, and the significance)
Attempted attack on Dieppe (french port) to test German defenses.
By Aug 19 1942, 80% of the soldiers in the Dieppe raid were Canadians , and Americans had already entered the war because of Pearl Harbour
What was the purpose of the Dieppe Raid? (2)
Test run the allies wanted to test how attacking Germany would go. Wanted to set up a bae in French beaches.
Relieve USSR Stalin wanted the allies to open a “second front” to move Germans away from the USSR
Why did The Dieppe Raid Fail?
-Not many bombs dropped to clear the way on the beaches -The attack was supposed to happen before sunrise / The ships were late -Stealth advantage was gone so Germans saw them coming -Reinforcements were sent when they were supposed to stay back
D-Day (Know Canada’s role, infantry division / code, objectives)
Invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe
Canada is in Infantry division (Juno), called to:
establish a beachhead
capture three small seaside towns advance into France
Their objective:
cut off a highway
seize an airport
reconnect with their British allies at Sword and Gold
What was the outcome and significance of D-Day?
Aug: Paris was retaken by the Allies and Germans were pushed back into Germany soon after
On May 8 1945 : Allies accepted the surrender of Nazi Germany
Hitler commits suicide on April 30 (week earlier from surrender)
Significance: Led to the liberation of Europe and Defeat of Nazi Germany
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of US Helped plan Normandy Invasion Delivered “Day of Infamy” speech
who was Harry S. Truman
Replaced Franklin as US president
Roosevelt started Manhattan Project (Bomb), Harry Truman approved of it after he replaced him.
Josef Stalin
Russian soviet dictator -signed non aggression pact with Hitler (Aug 23 1939) They both secretly agreed to divide up Europe between them.
Benito Mussolini
Dictator of Italy
Organized Italian Fascist Party
Rebuilt Italy’s armed forces and conquered Ethiopia
Adolf Hitler
Dictator of Germany (Nazi Party) -Rebuilt German Army and led Germany into WW2 -Holocaust
Winston Churchill
UK PM (1940-1945) Known for leadership during war and Symbol of fighting spirit
Outline the 4 stages of the holocaust
Propaganda: used by the government to convince people that Jews are the cause of all problems (ex. 1938 book “poisonous mushroom)
Stripping of Rights: Hitler and the Nazi party implement laws that remove jewish rights (started Sept 15, 1935).Reich citizenship law: defined a citizen as a person who is German or related blood, making Jews defined as a separate race with no political rights.
Segregation: Nazis separate groups of people they believed to be undesirable from the rest of the population. This made it easier to hide acts of cruelty from the public. (Ex. Jews were imprisoned, sent to ghettos, and attended separate schools.)
Final Solution: (1941-1945) Systematic and deliberate mass murder of European Jews. Jews were sent to extermination camps, or killed in concentration camps through exhaustion or hunger.
-What is the significance of Pearl Harbour to Japanese Canadians? Would you agree with Internment if you were a Canadian citizen in the 1940s?
Japanese people were blamed for the attack on pearl harbour, and they were all seen as violent people, even if they were not involved.
After Japan attacked Pearl Harbour, Japanese Canadians were subjected to internment. Japanese Canadians were captured, and sent to internment camps to do manual labour. If you were a Japanese Canadian, you were seen as evil by everyone, making it difficult to maintain businesses and get jobs. Candians would agree with the internment because of the stereotypes they would see of Japanese people. They saw them as dangerous or as outsiders.
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Flashcard (44)