Bio 3rd page study guide (better cards)

What blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?

Aorta

Which heart chamber receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?

Right atrium

What is the function of the excretory system?

Removes metabolic wastes and regulates water, salt, and pH balance.

What organs are part of the excretory system?

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

What is the function of the kidneys?

Filter blood and produce urine.

What is the function of the ureters?

Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Stores urine.

What is the function of the urethra?

Transports urine out of the body.

What is an isosmotic cell?

A cell with equal solute concentration to its environment.

What is a hypoosmotic cell?

A cell with lower solute concentration than its environment.

What is a hyperosmotic cell?

A cell with higher solute concentration than its environment.

What is a euryhaline organism?

An organism that can tolerate a wide range of salinities.

What is an osmoconformer?

An organism whose internal osmolarity matches its environment.

What is an ammonotelic organism?

An organism that excretes nitrogenous waste as ammonia.

Give an example of an ammonotelic organism.

Fish.

What is a urotelic organism?

An organism that excretes nitrogenous waste as urea.

Give an example of a urotelic organism.

Mammals.

What excretory system do flatworms use?

Flame cells (protonephridia).

What excretory system do annelids use?

Metanephridia.

What excretory system do insects use?

Malpighian tubules.

What excretory system do vertebrates use?

Kidneys.

What organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood in humans?

Kidneys.

What structures make up the kidney?

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis.

What is the cortex of the kidney?

The outer region where filtration begins.

What is the medulla of the kidney?

The inner region containing loops of Henle and collecting ducts.

What is the renal pelvis?

The funnel-shaped structure that collects urine.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron.

Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

Glomerulus (within Bowman's capsule).

What structure carries urine from kidneys to bladder?

Ureters.

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts.

What type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?

Transitional epithelium.