CH.6 NOTES

Antifungals

________ (also called antimycotics) inhibits the growth of or kills fungi.

Babesia

________ is a parasite that is also transmitted by ticks.

Secondary lymphedema

________ is due to damaged lymph vessels, which can occur due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns.

Staphylococci

________ (singular= staphylococcus) are a group of bacteria that form in clusters.

Rickettsia

________ are small bacteria that live in some insects, such as fleas, ticks, lice, and mites.

Angiogenesis

________ occurs when a tumor grows its own blood supply system to nourish itself.

Phagocytosis

________ is the process of surrounding pathogens and engulfing them, destroying them.

Laser surgery

________ is the use of a targeted light beam to destroy the cancer cells.

Bioimpedence spectroscopy

________ measures the electrical current passed through a swollen limb, which shows the extent of the lymph buildup.

Malaria

________ is a mosquito- borne parasite that is pervasive in tropical areas of the world.

Epstein Barr

________ virus, or EBV, is one of the causes of infectious mononucleosis, which can cause significant weakness and extended illness.

Candida albicans

________ is the most common pathogenic yeast, but other species can cause infection as well.

IgM

________ circulates primarily in body fluids, and is the first immunoglobulin to appear in an infection.

Leukemia

________ is an example, and is cancer of the white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Mammary glands

________, "and- graphy means "the process of creating an image or record ..

Toxoplasmosis

________ is transmitted by contaminated animal feces, especially cats.

Mammography

________ is the radiologic examination of the breasts to find precancerous cells or tumors.

nasopharyngeal tonsils

The ________ are also called the adenoids.

Ultrasound

________ is often done as a follow- up to mammography, especially to further examine an abnormality.

Thorac o

________ means "thorax, "and- ic means "pertaining to ..

thoracic duct

The ________ drains the lower abdomen, pelvis, legs, and the left half of the head, neck, and chest.

Measles

________ causes a rash over the entire body, a high fever, runny nose, and coughing.

Lymphocytes

________ respond to pathogens, abnormal cells (such as virus- infected cells or cancerous cells), foreign proteins (antigens), and use physical and chemical attacks to neutralize them.

Antiangiogenesis

________ is a treatment strategy that disrupts the tumors blood supply to slow or halt its growth.

IgA

________ is produced in response to ingested antigens, and is generally found in body secretions.

HIV

________ is a bloodborne virus that kills helper T- cells, causing the immune system to weaken and eventually fail.

CMV

Cytomegalovirus, or ________, is relatively harmless to healthy adults and children, but can cause severe birth defects in a fetus.

Cryosurgery

________ is freezing lymph nodes and cancer cells to destroy the tissue.

Tonsill o

________ means "tonsil, "and- itis means "inflammation ..

Monoclonal antibodies

________ are made in the laboratory using a cloned cell line.

Angi o

________ means "vessel, "and- genesis means "to create ..

Candid o

________ means "yeast, "and- iasas means "infection ..

reverse transcriptase

Medications to inhibit ________, protease, and fusion can prevent the progression of HIV, especially if administered early in the course of the disease.

Septic shock

________ is very serious, and can be debilitating or fatal.

Tolerance

________ is a lack of immune response to an antigen over time; the immune system has encountered it so frequently, it becomes accustomed to it.

stasis

Bacteri /o means "bacteria, "and- ________ means "stopping ..

Cyt

________ /o means "cell, "tox /o means "harmful, "and- ic means "pertaining to ..

Vaccination

________ provides acquired immunity without the risk of actually becoming ill with a disease.

Rubella

________ is also called the German measles, and is similar to the measles, but is not usually as severe.

lymphatic system

The ________ structures work to attack and destroy pathogens.

Adenocarcinoma

________ is a carcinoma of glandular tissue.

ologist

Onc /o means "cancer, "and- ________ means "specialist.

Lymphomas

________ are malignancies of lymphoid tissue, including the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

immune system

The ________ prevents the entry of foreign bodies, and then destroys and /or neutralizes them if they do enter.

tonsils

The ________ are actually 3 sets of tissue located in the nose and upper portion of the throat.

dead cells

Lymph collects the protein, ________, pathogens, and debris from the interstitial spaces, and moves them to ducts in the neck.

Antineoplastics

________ are drugs that block the development, growth, and reproduction of malignant cells.

Lymphaden o

________ means "lymph node, "and- itis means "inflammation ..

There are three subtypes of T-cells

cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells, and suppressor T-cells

Helper T-cells stimulate the activity of the T

and B-cells

Interleukins direct the T

and B-lymphocytes to proliferate, as well as serving other functions

There are three main categories of treating immune system disorders

immunotherapy, immunosuppression, and antibody therapy

A virus is smaller than a bacterial cell, so it is extremely small

too small to be seen with a conventional microscope in a typical laboratory

Bacteri/o means "bacteria," and

stasis means "stopping."

Anti

means "against," neo means "new," plast/o means "growth," and -ic means "pertaining to."