joints

exam 3

arthology

the study of joints and their functions

three types of joints

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

fibrous joints

little/no movement

synostosis

union/fusing adjacent bones or developing bone

cartilage

avascular (no blood supply) 

how do chondrocytes get oxygen and nutrients?

synovial fluid derived from blood in the synovial membrane

how do chondrocytes get rid of waste

synovial fluid derived from blood in the synovial membrane

the joint capsule and ligaments have a lot of nerve endings - t/f

true

some nerve endings convey pain to:

the brain and spinal cord

some nerve endings can sense a ___ at the joint, which sends signals to the:

stretch, brain and spinal cord and causes skeletal muscles to move

most common type of arthritis

osteoarthritis

osteoarthritis is most common in:

large joints

weight bearing joints 

most common reason for knee and hip replacement

osteoarthritis

in osteoarthritis, subchondral bone ends:

enlarge or form spurs

(this decreases space in articular cavity and restricts motion)

rheumatoid arthritis is an

autoimmune disease

strain

stretched or partially tonr muscle or tendon

sprain

stretch or tear to ligament

gout is caused by 

excessive uric acid built up in blood 

gout is most common in

joints of extremities, especially 1st MTP

plane joint

flat or slightly curved

limited movement 

hinge joint

convex and concave 

ex: elbow 

hinge joints permit what kind of movement

flexion and extension

pivot joint

rounded/pointed surface articulates with ring formed by another bone and ligament 

pivot joints are

uniaxial

ex: atlanto-axial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

ellipsoid/condylar joint

convex oval projection of one bone fits into oval depression of another 

ellipsoid joints allow what kind of movement?

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

a little cirumduction

ellipsoid joints are:

biaxial