Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, & Immune Disorders

IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE, and IgG

What are the 5 main categories of antibodies?

4 polypeptide chains

How many polypeptide chains does an antibody have?

2 binding sites

How many binding sites does an antibody have?

80%

IgG makes up what percent of antibodies?

neutralization

coat a toxin with antibodies to make it inert, unable top cause harm

agglutination

clumping of antibodies

precipitation

making antigen insoluable

opsonization

making pathogen easier to phagocytize

1st encounter or exposure to a foreign antigen

primary immune response

occurs faster because of 1st exposure and build-up of memory cells

secondary immune response

natural acquired active immunity

exposure to pathogen by natural means, which leads to adaptive response and memory cells

artificial induced active immunity

exposure to pathogen by means of a vaccine, which leads to adaptive response and memory cells

natural acquired passive immunity

antibodies through mother’s milk or placenta

artificial induced passive immunity

injection of IgG, such as anti-venom or RhoGam

memory cells

In passive immunity, what are not created like they are in active immunity?

allergies

immune system attacks daily background

auto-immunity

immune system attacks one’s self

hypersensitivity

allergies and autoimmunity are types of…

AIDS

retrovirus that knocks out specific immunity’s ability to put up a proper defense

helper T cells

What type of cells does AIDS primarily attack?