APHG - Chapter 10

A country with the lowest HDI in the world is likely to be located in

sub-Saharan Africa.

According to world systems theory, which would NOT be considered a semi-peripheral nation?

Australia

A country that has been classified as low developing would have an HDI score of approximately

below 0.55

Which of the following is the LEAST developed region?

North Africa & Southwest Asia

The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade approach is

unequal distribution of resources

Use Figure 10-9 to answer the question. Which developing region has experienced the greatest increase in HDI?

East Asia

Major sources of foreign direct investment in terms of frequency and dollar amount are

transnational corporations

The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on indicators of

standard of living, education, and health.

In which regions are literacy rates the lowest?

South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Which region in the United States has experienced the most dramatic change in per capita income?

Southeast

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sector activity?

manufacturing

Development is best defined as the improving the conditions of people by

increasing diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of structural adjustment?

limiting external influence on internal government affairs

Which indicators of educational access best describe conditions in a developing country?

Limited investment per student in education and use of textbooks in a non-local language.

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is the promotion of

balanced growth of all economic sectors.

Use Figure 10-2 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE about the IHDI of South Asian countries?

They rank lower than Canada and most Western European countries.

Use Figure 10-9 to answer the question. Which developed region has had the greatest increase in HDI?

japan and South Korea

Women's empowerment refers to

the ability to achieve economic and political power.

An example of a primary sector activity is

mining

Which of the following statements about gender empowerment is TRUE?

Representation of women in elected positions is higher in Canada than the United States.

On average, producers receive only 1 percent of the price of the good. In contrast, fair trade returns which portion of the price?

one-third

Since 1990, most developed and developing countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of

gender inequality.

Which would NOT be a goal of fair trade producer standards?

increase the role of individual governments in management of the businesses

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of

literacy

Which factors have contributed to the success of the "four dragons?"

manufacturing, abundant labor, low export prices

Which is the best description of the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country

Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

Which financial institution has been a leader in microfinance?

Grameen Bank

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality?

Female life expectancy is less than that of males in every country of the world.

Use Figure 10-7 to answer the question. Other than sub-Saharan Africa, which regions have made the greatest progress in reducing the maternal mortality rate between 1990 and 2015?

South Asia and Southeast Asia

Use Figure 10-3 to answer the question. Which country is the only semi-peripheral state in Africa?

South Africa

Per capita GNI is a poor indicator of which of the following?

the distribution of wealth within a country

Which of the following indicators would NOT be used to measure a decent standard of living?

gross domestic product (GDP)

When were the World Bank and the IMF established?

just before the end of WWII

Which country receives the largest proportion of World Bank assistance?

India

In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.

Which is a characteristic of cooperatives?

democratically governed organizations that improve the community

An adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods is

purchasing power parity

Which is a secondary sector economic activity?

construction

Which country converted to an international trade model in the early 1990s?

India

One approach the World Trade Organization does NOT take to reduce barriers to trade is

discouragement of subsidies on exports

Use Figures 10-4 and 10-5 to answer the question. Which semi-peripheral country is categorized as very high developed?

Argentina

The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

sheep herding

Development analysts expect that a more developed country is likely to have a

low GII and a high HDI

Which statement best summarizes the U.N.'s view of gender inequality?

Gender inequality is a major factor preventing a country from achieving a higher level of development.

For which indicator has the gap between developed and developing widened since 1980?

per capita gross national income (GNI)

Which is NOT a characteristic of the fair trade movement?

Protection of workers' rights by multinational corporations

Processing of computer information is an example of which part of the economy?

tertiary

The productivity of workers is higher in more developed countries because they

have access to more technology.

Traditional barriers to international trade have included

requiring licenses for importers.

HDI evaluates access to knowledge by combining which two measures?

years of schooling for adults and the expected years of school for youth

The major purpose of austerity programs is to

cut government spending on welfare benefits.

One argument in favor of rejecting the international trade model and returning to self-sufficiency would be that

businesses in developing countries would be protected from unfair competition.

A stimulus strategy is introduced by governments to

counter negative conditions of economic downturns.

Which of the following would NOT be considered an asset of a country following the international trade approach to development?

limits on import

In the twenty-first century, the United States has witnessed

the wealthiest one percent of the population control more of the wealth since the 1980s.

Differences in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is due to all of the following EXCEPT

welfare services for the poor or disabled in developing countries.

Which of the following statements about the Grameen Bank is NOT TRUE?

Loans made to women are so small they do not need to be paid back.

Severe gender inequality poses a challenge to development because it

severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.

Use Figure 10-6 to answer the question. In terms of the Gender Inequality Index, most African countries have

rates below the United States and Western Europe.

Which of the following is NOT a likely result of a country's concentration on international trade?

support for political and economic equity

Which is NOT one of the Sustainable Development Goals?

promote economic growth and industrialization through urban development

Which of the following projects would NOT likely receive funding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)?

technical training for the Libyan army

Which global effort was replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals?

UN Millennium Goals

In developing countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are

familiar to many but owned by relatively few.

In which three countries do women hold the majority of seats in their national legislatures?

Rwanda, Cuba, and Bolivia

Which development factor accounts for adolescent fertility rates in the United States being higher than those of other developed countries?

limited economic opportunities for minority young women

Compared to developing countries, developed countries have a lower

percentage of GNI spent on education.

If the IHDI is less than the HDI, this indicates

there are higher levels of inequality in that country than elsewhere in the world.

Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The higher the GNI of a country, the more equal its income distribution

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as the investment in the economy of another country by

a foreign company.

Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to developing countries are often criticized for resulting in

loss of jobs in state enterprises and support for dependent citizens being cut.

Development levels are reflected by education indicators because

literacy and education help measure ability to earn a living.

Which statement is TRUE about the nine development regions?

The world is divided into two developed and seven developing regions.

When a developing country borrows money, it is part of a long-term strategy to

expand the economy through investment in infrastructure.

Which region has the highest female labor force participation rate?

sub-Saharan Africa

Which statement CORRECTLY describes inequality within the countries of Turkey and Brazil?

Brazil's lower IHDI reveals a greater level of inequality than within Turkey.

The biggest problem faced by developing countries in financing development is

inability to repay loans.

Use Figure 10-8 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

All of sub-Saharan Africa is in the 60 percent range.

Which factor contributes to the United States' relatively low GII score?

a higher maternal mortality rate than other developed countries

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of

outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

Which statement about the need for an IHDI is INCORRECT?

Most countries are working to improve their HDI to match their IHDI.

Which of the following is an example of the relationship between goods such as cellphones, cars, or the Internet and development?

Consumer goods increase an individual's ability to access services, information, and employment