7.2a How did the British Empire maintain power

what is Mackinders Heartland Theory

named eurasia as the heartland which is a area of land protected from invasion from the sea in 1904

why is mackinders heartland in a key geo strategic location

because it commanded huge portion of world resources

what 3 things determined power in the heartland

whoever ruled most strategic part of europe would command heartland, whoever ruled heartland would command world islands, whoever controlled world islands ruled the world

what did mackinders heartland theory influence

post ww1 limiting of germanys expansion, post ww2 attempts from NATO to contain soviet union, truman doctrines attempt to contain spread of communism from soviet to china

what is a unipolar world

one superpower has dominance e.g. british empire of the us dominated world of recent times

what is a bipolar world

two superpowers with opposite ideologies compete for dominance e.g. usa and ussr during cold war (1945-1990)

what is a multipolar world

many superpowers and emerging powers compete for dominance in different regions. this would be what we see in the near future

what is the timeline for changing patterns of power

past=multipolar, present=bipolar, future=multipolar

what are the trade route stop off points

gulf of guinea (w.africa), cape of good hope (s.africa), kenya (e.africa), india, malaysia, hong kong

what are the hard power ways the british empire maintained power in india

royal navy dominated worlds oceans protecting trade routes, british military emigrated to india, made residence in governor general in delhi

what are the soft power ways the british empire maintained power in india

introduced traditions e.g. crickets and afternoon tea, modernised railways allowed transport of goods for export to britain, taught english language