AP Psych People

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Founder of structuralism, (Father of psychology )

William James (1842-1910)

Founder of functionalism, Published 1st psychology text

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Classical conditioning (dogs & saliva)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Emphasis on unconscious motivations (sexual, aggressive), Founder of psychoanalysis (therapy), Dream interpretation, free association

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

Creator of first intelligence test with Theodore Simon (1905)

Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)

Law of Effect

John Watson (1878-1958)

Founder of behaviorism, Little Albert experiment

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

4 stage theory of cognitive development — Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Benjamin Whorf (1897-1941)

Whorf’s hypothesis — Language influences cognition

Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

8 stage theory of psychosocial development — Conflicts that yield certain personality characteristics, depending on resolution

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Humanistic psychology • Client-centered (person-centered) therapy — Unconditional positive regard

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Operant conditioning • Reinforcement theory —Skinner box (rats & lever pressing)

Harry Harlow (1905-1981)

Developmental—Attachment styles among monkeys (fake mothers)

Solomon Asch (1907-1996)

Conformity — Line Length study

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Humanistic psychologist • Hierarchy of needs — Self-actualization

Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999)

Attachment styles • “Strange situation”: infants & strangers

Stanley Schachter (1922-present)

Two-factor theory of emotion

Albert Bandura (1925-present)

Social learning theory/modeling — Bobo doll study

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)

3 stage theory of moral development: preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Noam Chomsky (1928-present)

nativism: innate, universal grammar • critical period for language development

Stanley Milgram (1933-1984)

Obedience to authority o Participants delivered shocks to others when told by authority

Phil Zimbardo (1933-present)

Stanford Prison Experiment — Importance of social roles

Howard Gardner (1943-present)

Theory of multiple intelligences

Elizabeth Loftus (1944-present)

Unreliability of eyewitness testimony • Memory as active construction