STOOL SOFTENER, DIARRHEA, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS

Stool Softener

Also known as Emollient Laxatives

Stool Softener

Substances included in this category are surface-acting or wetting agents, which are nonabsorbable and relatively nontoxic

Stool Softener

Have a detergent action that facilitates the mixing of watery and fatty substances to increase luminal mass

Their action is attributed to their surface-active property:

lowering surface tension → permit the intestinal fluids to penetrate the fecal mass more readily produce soft, easily passed stools.

Mechanism of Action of Stool softener

Docusate (Colace, Surfak) and Glycerin

used to produce short-term laxation and to reduce straining at defecation

they are used to prevent constipation

Mineral oil

almost non-absorbable and makes feces softer and passed easier and coats fecal contents and thereby inhibits absorption of water

Mineral oil

prevent and treat fecal impaction in children and debiliated adults

Mineral oil

Decreases the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (long-term use) and causes lipid pneumonitis can develop if aspirated

Tegaserod

Stimulation of 5HT4 also activates cAMP dependent chloride secretion from the colon, leading to increased stool liquidity

Tegaserod

Promotes gastric emptying and enhances small and large bowel transit

Tegaserod

For chronic constipation

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation

Tegaserod

Taken before meals

NOT be given to patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment

Diarrhea

Excessive fluid weight, with 200 g/day representing the upper limit of normal stool water weight for healthy adults

frequent liquid stool discharge

Increase frequency and decreased consistency of fecal discharge.

Decrease transit time for Gastric emptying

Diarrhea is manifested by

1. Foods

2. Bacteria & virus

3. Drug reaction (antacids containing magnesium, antibiotics, cholinergic drugs)

4. Laxative abuse, malabsorption syndrome, stress, bowel tumor, inflammatory bowel disease

Causes of diarrhea

Clear liquids & oral solution (gatorade, pedialyte)
IV electrolyte

For nonpharm treat of diarrhea that can cause severe dehydration & electrolyte imbalance

Clear liquids & oral soln’s (gatorade, pedialyte)

intended as soon as intake of usual foods and fluids is discontinued and before serious fluid looses or deficit occurs.

Milk, juice, and sodas because they can make the diarrhea worse

Clear liquids & oral soln’s (gatorade, pedialyte) what should you avoid?

NaCl

KCl

CaCl2

Contents of ringers injection solution

NaCl

KCl

CaCl2

Na Lactate

Contents of Lactated ringers injection

Oral rehydration salts

Balanced salt solutions containing glucose, sucrose or rice powder

Oral rehydration salts

Increase water absorption from the bowel lumen by increasing sodium substrate transport across intestinal epithelial cells

Oral rehydration salts

Can remedy 99% of acute cases of childhood diarrhea.