Anatomy Exam 3 SDSU Possible Short Answer or MC Questions

Which muscle tendon is located within the intertubercular groove?

Bicep brachii muscle

Shoulder separation is usually due to a downward force over the __________ and can tear ____________ ligaments.

acromion process; acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular

What bone and landmark attaches to the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Head of the humerus

What joint attaches the pectoral girdle and the upper limbs to the axial skeleton?

Acromioclavicular joint

The loose ________ and shallow _________ of the glenohumeral joint allow for flexibility but increase risk for dislocation.

articular capsule; glenoid cavity

What is the fibrocartilage meniscus that somewhat deepens the socket for glenohumeral reinforcement?

Glenoid Labrum

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis

The Pectoral girdle has _________, but lacks____________.

flexibility; stability

The Pectoral girdle only has __________ attachment to the axial skeleton.

anterior

The growth of the clavicle at is complete at ________ years.

25-31

What bone is most likely to break in children?

clavicle

The right clavicle is usually _________ and __________ than the left.

shorter; thicker

What region of the humerus is most likely to break: the anatomical neck or the surgical neck?

The surgical neck

Which two landmarks compose the condyle of the humerus?

Capitulum and trochlea

What is the name of the connective tissue membrane between the radius and the ulna?

Interosseous membrane

Which landmark (and bone) fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus?

The olecranon process of the ulna

Which landmark (and bone) fits into the radial notch of the ulna?

The head of the radius

The annular ligament holds what together?

The radial head against the capitulum of the humerus

What happens in radial head dislocation?

The radial head slips out of the annular ligament and slides away from the radial notch of ulna and capitulum of humerus

The fingernails cover over which specific phalanx of your index finger? (Give name and number)

Distal phalange #2

Which scapular landmark does not articulate with a bone: the acromion process or the coracoid process?

Coracoid process

What ligament attaches the acetabulum to the fovea capitis of the femur?

Ligamentum teres

Fusion of the coxal bone happens by ____ years.

25

Which region of the femur is known to have a thin periosteum and a thin compact bone layer and, as a result, it is vulnerable to breaking as we age?

Neck of the femur

Dislocation of the femur can cause what to tear?

Ligamentum teres, ischiofemoral ligament, and the posterior capsule

Which ligament extends from the A.S.I.S. to the pubic tubercle of the coxal bone?

Inguinal ligament

The pelvic brim is a continuous circular region from ___________________________________________________________________.

the sacral promontory, around arcuate line to pubic crest forming the pelvic inlet

The greater pelvis is the ___________ pelvis and ____________ to the pelvic brim (opposite of the lesser pelvis).

false; superior

Is a male or female pelvis overall more tall and narrow with a pubic arch less than 90 degrees and a coccyx that points anterior?

Male pelvis

Which region of the articular surface of the talus is wider: anterior or posterior?

anterior

The head of the femur articulates with the __________ of the coxal bone.

acetabulum

Which tarsal bone forms the heel of the foot?

Calcaneous

What type of ankle joint injury is more common and what can be torn?

Inversion; lateral ligaments (Ant/Post talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament)

Does the fibula articulate with the femur?

no

What is the largest bone in the body?

Femur

The patella is located within which tendon?

Patellar tendon

A lateral blow to the knee can cause tearing of what?

Medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?

Synovial (gliding); nonaxial

What type of joint is the Acromioclavicular joint?

Synovial (gliding); nonaxial

What type of joint is the Glenohumeral joint?

Synovial (ball and socket); triaxial

What type of joint is the Humero-ulnar joint?

Synovial (hinge); uniaxial

What type of joint is the Radioulnar joint (proximal/distal)?

Synovial (pivot); uniaxial

What type of joint is the Radioulnar joint (medial) Interosseous membrane?

Syndesmosis; amphiarthrosis

What type of joint is the Carpo-metacarpal (thumb) joint (proximal/distal)?

Synovial (saddle); biaxial

What type of joint is the Sacroiliac joint?

Synovial (gliding); nonaxial

What type of joint is the Coxofemoral joint?

Synovial (ball and socket); triaxial

What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral joint?

Synovial (hinge); uniaxial

What type of joint is the Tibiofibular (medial) Interosseous membrane?

Syndesmosis; amphiarthrosis

What type of joint is the Tibiotalar joint?

Synovial (hinge); uniaxial

What three muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity, and what is a common name for the three muscles?

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus

(Hamstrings)

Which muscles make up the quadriceps muscle group?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedialis

Which two muscles are best seen at the back wall of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Psoas major and Iliacus

Which two muscles share the calcaneal tendon?

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Trace a drop of blood from the right posterior tibial vein, through the heart, to the left axillary artery.

Right posterior tibial vein > right popliteal vein > right femoral vein > right external iliac vein > right common iliac > inferior vena cava > right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > left subclavian artery > left axillary artery

Trace a drop of blood from the radial vein, through the heart, to the femoral artery.

Radial vein > brachial vein > axillary vein > subclavian vein > brachiocephalic vein > superior vena cava > right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > thoracic aorta > abdominal aorta > common iliac artery > external iliac artery > femoral artery

Trace a drop of fetal blood from the placenta, through the heart and body, back to the placenta, BYPASSING the right ventricle and lungs.

Placenta > umbilical vein > liver > IVC > right atrium > foramen ovale > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > body > umbilical artery > placenta

Trace a drop of fetal blood from the placenta, through the heart and body, back to the placenta, BYPASSING the left side of the heart and lungs.

Placenta > umbilical vein > liver > IVC > right atrium > right AV valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary artery > ductus arteriosus > aorta > body > umbilical artery > placenta

What ECG wave corresponds to the Atria in systole?

"P" wave

What valves are open when the Atria in diastole?

pulmonary and aortic

Which chambers are contracting when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open?

ventricles

The heart begins pumping around ___ weeks of development.

3

Plasma is made up of ___% water and ___% dissolved substances.

92; 8

What are the plasma proteins called and where are they primarily formed?

Albumin. Globulin, and Fibrinogen; liver

What is the name of blood cell formation and then name of a blood stem cell?

hemopoiesis; hemocytoblast

What type of blood cell is most abundant, with no nucleus or mitochondria, and cannot pass through vessel walls?

erythrocytes

Do leukocytes or erythrocytes have a shorter life span?

leukocytes

What type of WBC is most abundant and fights bacterial infection?

neutrophils

Eosinophils release chemicals to reduce ___________, and fight ___________ infection.

inflammation; parasitic

Which WBC does not use phagocytosis and has an allergic response?

basophils

Which WBC is largest and becomes a type of macrophage?

monocytes

Lymphocytes are an __________ cell that fight ___________ infection.

immune; viral

What works together to form blood clots?

Thrombocytes (platelets) and fibrinogens

The heart beats from ___ liters/min resting to ___ liters/min exercising.

5; 30

The location of the heart is _________________________________________.

in the mediastinum within the pericardial cavity, lying on top of the diaphragm

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart found in?

myocardium

Adjacent cells are joined by _____________________ that have shared Z-lines.

intercalated discs

What are the pacemaker cells and where are they found?

SA node and AV node; right atrium

What causes a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

Death of heart tissue due to an insufficient blood supply

Approximately ___% of blood is circulating through the pulmonary circuit while ___% is circulating through the systemic circuit.

9; 84

The tunica interna is made of ___________, tunica media of _________, and tunica externa of ____________.

endothelial layer and basal lamina; smooth muscle; connective tissue

What are the types of arteries?

elastic and muscular

Arterioles have the same but _______ tunics as arteries and are important for directing blood towards or away from ________.

thinner; organs

What are responsible for the movement of blood through veins?

one-way valves, muscular contractions, and breathing