SOCIAL STUDIES 5 THIRD QUARTER

Culture

Includes all the behaviors, actions, customs, traditions, values, and beliefs of a group of people as they respond to their society at a certain time.

material culture and non-material culture

Filipino culture can be divided into??

Material culture

Includes things that you can touch such as homes, clothing, drinks, food, and tools.

Nonmaterial culture

Includes those that are not physical in nature (government, education, beliefs or religion, language, literature, and more.)

Art forms used for decoration

• Common weapons like bows, machetes, and spears were carved with designs to make them beautiful

Body Decorations (Art Form used for Decoration)

Made from various precious stones

Pictures (Art Form used for Decoration)

They learned to carve _____ on bones, wood, ivory, or even animal horns, which they used as decorations in their homes.

Use of tattoos (Art Form used for Decoration)

Another form of body decoration, which also served as a symbol of bravery in battle.

Pusad or Halop

Our ancestors in the Visayas region had a tradition of adding gold as jewelry or decoration on their teeth.

Kangan

A sleeveless and collarless top that men started wearing

Bahag

a lower garment for men

putong

head covering for men

Baro (top)

Women wore a top called _____

Saya (skirt)

another top women wear

patadyong

in Visayas, the skirt is called ______

kalumbiga

The jewelry worn by women that resembles modern bracelets

bahay kubo (nipa hut)

house made from light materials such as cogon grass, bamboo, and palm leaves.

Tausug people

these people built their houses on stilts near the sea or above the water

Ilongot and Kalinga communities

In these communities, houses were built high up in trees to be safe from enemies and wild animals

batalan

bathroom of the houses in plains

houses in plains

• Typically had high posts, sharp roofs, and tall stairs

• Its rooms also had large windows to let fresh air and sunlight inside

• The space under the house was used to store rice, fruits and vegetable and served as a home for their pets

Houses in Batanes and the Babuyan Islands

• These houses were made of stone, built low or close to the ground, and had small windows

• This design was used to protect people against strong storms that often passed through the area

Meranao communities in Mindanao

people with high status such as sultans lived in large houses with high ceilings.

torogan

• Large houses with high ceilings

• Designs carved onto its decorative beams

panolong

Designs carved onto its decorative beams

Animism

The belief system of the early Filipinos

Animism

This involves worshiping nature or natural things like the sun, stars, trees, animals, and more.

Bathala

Our ancestors believed that the most powerful god was _____

anito or diwata

Besides Bathala, they also worshiped spirits called ____ in the Tagalog region and ______ in the Visayas region.

mag-anito

a ritual performed by early Filipinos where they offered prayers and food to ask for the wishes and to have a prosperous life.

katalonan

Ritual leader in the Tagalog region

babaylan

Ritual leader in the Visayas region who acted as a mediator between the people and their gods, as well as their ancestors

Idiyanale

goddess of agriculture

Sidapa

god of death

Balangaw

god of rainbows

Mandarangan

god of war

Agni

god of fire

Magwayen

goddess of the underworld

Lalahon

goddess of harvest

Diyan Masalanta

goddess of love

Dal’lang

goddess of beauty

Kidul

god of lightning

primary burial

when they bury the dead in the ground along with the tools and decorations

secondary burial

• happens after some time when the body has dried

• they take the remains of the grave and place them inside a jar

Manunggul cave

Large jars or big pots what were used as tombs for the dead were found in _________

Luzon

In ______, people expressed their grief by wearing white clothing

morotal

The mourning for a deceased woman is called?

maglahi

The mourning for a deceased man is called?

paslyam

a ritual in which prayers are said for the soul of the deceased for nine days

laraw

The mourning the death of a datu is called?

Superstitions

One of the beliefs that Early Filipinos guided in their faily lives (Example: A black cat crosses their path)

Anitos

spirits or souls of deceased relatives who were thought to continue living among them.

Agimat

If they possess this, they believed that a person could have special powers.

Pangatauhan

They also believe in another word for fortune telling

aswang

supernatural being

mangkukulam

witch

manggagaway

sorcerer

tikbalang

a creature with a head of a horse and a body of a man

tiyanak

a vampire-like creature in the form of a child

baybayin

writing system made by early Filipinos

baybayin

• has 17 letters (3 vowels and 14 consonants)

sipol

tip of a knife or sharp metal used as a tool for writing

lalaro

a type of weighing scale

kaban

(weight measurement) 25 ganta

salop

(weight measurement) 1 ganta

kaguinta

(weight measurement) 1/2 ganta

gatang

(weight measurement) 1 chupa

dipa

(length measurement) They used the distance between the two hands of a person when stretched out

dangkal

(length measurement) the length from the tip to the thumb to the tip of the pinky when stretched

tumuro

(length measurement) the length from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger when stretched

damak

(length measurement) the width of a hand when all five fingers are pressed together

sandali

(length measurement) the width of one finger

poetry and prose

The literature of our ancestors

Poetry

It includes expressions or works that have rhythm, rhyme, and verses.

Poetry

(PROSE or POETRY) sayings (salawikain), riddles (bugtong), proverbs (salawikain), maxim (kawikaan)

Prose

• It includes folktales

• These stories reflect the lives of our ancestors because they cover the traditions and daily experiences with their neighbors

Prose

(PROSE or POETRY) include myths, legends, fables, and stories about supernatural beings like fairies, enchantments, goblins, and others.