Glucagon secretion regulation & adipose TAG lipases

facilitated influx of _____ by ligand-bound GABA receptors inhibits glucagon secretion

Cl⁻

PKA directly activates this enzyme to hydrolyze the second acyl group from DAG

HS-lipase

secreted by Islet beta cells by small exocytotic vesicles as a paracrine partner to insulin action on Islet alpha cell

GABA

protein that separates the internalized lipid droplet of triglyceride from enzymes of the cytoplasm

perilipin

section of the R subunit that is used to directly inhibit the function of PKA's catalytic (C) subunit

pseudosubstrate

protein released from the surface of the triglyceride inclusion upon PKA action to directly activate ATGL

CA

7TM receptor found on the surface of Islet alpha cells

beta-2 adrenergic

in response to glucagon and epinephrine, ______ is phosphorylated by PKA to expose triglyceride to ATGL

perilipin

secreted neurotransmitter of the preganglionic sympathetic neuron which is also used to activate chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

acetylcholine

prevents the movement of GABA receptors to the Islet cell membrane through its GAP activity on RabX

AS160

phosphorylated by PDK1 in the wortmannin-sensitive pathway of insulin action

Akt/PKB

target of PKA that activates glucagon secretion

L-type Ca++ channel

protein subunit to which cAMP binds

R subunit

lowers cAMP concentration within the Islet alpha cell in response to insulin action

PDE3b

target of the ligand-activated 7TM receptor's GEF function of Islet alpha cells

GalphaS/GDP

secreted hormone of the adrenal medulla's chromaffin cells

epinephrine

secreted neurotransmitter of the postganglionic sympathetic neuron

norepinephrine

product of ATGL

DAG

permits the movement of GABA receptors to the Islet cell membrane by inactivating the GAP for RabX

Akt/PKB

product of adenylate cyclase

cAMP

activates adenylate cyclase

GalphaS/GTP